The Near- Destruction of Deaf Education By Lauren Simerlink Next IndexMusic

Grade 9 Social Studies: American History Index Content Standards: Topic: Historical Thinking and Skills Content Statements -Historical events provide opportunities to examine alternative courses of action. -The use of primary and secondary information includes and examination of the credibility of each source *Students will research facts about Milan 1880 and Deafness and organize it into a lesson to be taught to the class Deafness Title

StandardsDeafness Early Deaf Edu Pre- Milan Edu Goals Of Milan Methods Theory of Lip reading Realities of Lip reading Lip reading 1 Lip reading 2 Effects LiteracyCognitive Psychological Social Reformation Stigma Summary Works Cited

 “ deaf”-Partially or completely lacking the sense of hearing  “Deaf”- The culture group comprised of people who use Sign Language as a means of communication. Members may or may not have the ability to hear  “Hearing”- Label assigned to people who use vocal language as a primary means of communication Index Early Deaf EduEarly Deaf Edu. Title

 Early 1500s- Deaf education began -Ponce de Leon -Beginning of Oralism  Beginning of Sign as an education method -Juan Pable Martin Bonet  1780s- Deaf people in France began learning in Sign Language -Became fully literate and educated (Sturley) Index Deafness Pre-Milan

 Deaf education continued to be stellar  Deaf people who would have previously had no opportunities were becoming authors, teachers, and leaders in their societies (Sturley)  until… Millan 1880 Index Early Edu.

 Include Deaf people in the Hearing Community  Improve Deaf literacy and cognitive processes  Prevent a delay in language acquisition (thought to be the result of Sign Language) (“Milan”) Index Pre-Milan Methods

 Reform all Deaf schools to Oralism  -Lay off Deaf teachers who signed to students  -Hired non- signing Hearing teachers who were trained in the Oralist method  Discourage students from signing  Tell parents not to sign with their children  Encourage Deaf-Blind students who have some site to lip-read (Sturley) Lipreading Index Goals

 Students learn to recognize the “shapes” of letters/sounds  If words or sounds cannot be heard or lip read, it is easy to guess them from context (Hearing Link) Index Reality Methods

 Lipreading is drastically misunderstood by many Hearing people  30% comprehension (“Oralism”) -Results in misunderstanding, isolation, embarrassment  Certain sounds look identical  Visibility is affected by many factors -Speed, overbite, smiling, over or under enunciation… (Bauman) Index Lip-reading Theory

Voice Index Lip reading

Index Effects Lip reading

Literacy Cognition Psychology SocialSocial LifeLife Voice

 Deaf children who were exposed to Sign at an early age read better than Deaf children who were taught with Oralism at an early age (Brown)  Average Deaf 17-year-old -4 th grade reading level -6 th grade math Index Lip-reading

 Difficulty understanding words with multiple meanings (ex: “ran”)  Passive voice (Burke)  Tenses -(‘s’ and ‘ed’ are hard to hear)  Abstract concepts -Delayed language acquisition (“Effects”) Auditory cortex (purple) is beside Wernicke’s Area (blue) Index Lip-reading

 Rate of mental illness twice as large as that of the general population (Ladd)  Anger, depression, embarrassment, low self- confidence (Healthy Hearing) Index Lip-reading

 Deaf people were isolated - Couldn’t sign or speak  Felt awkward in public settings (Van Cleve) Index Reformation Lip-reading

 1950s- people began to realize Oralism was a failure  Introduced “Total Communication”- speak and sign (Sturley) Index Social Effects Stigma

 Cannot hear anything  Always need interpreter  Can lip read perfectly  Deaf are stupid (because of the voice)  Hearing people tend to stare (Atcherson) Index Reformation Attitudes Deaf woman Singing “Let It Snow.” She posted this video on YouTube to prove a point about how it feels to not be able to understand another person’s speech.

 “Deaf” is a culture- not a disability  Millan 1880 almost destroyed the Deaf community  Lipreading is an ineffective means of communication for the Deaf  All Sign Languages are certified languages and can communicate as effectively as spoken languages “Thriller” in ASL Index Bibliography Milan 1880 Stigma

 American Speech-Langauge-Hearing Association (N.d.). Effects of Hearing Loss on Development. Retrieved from  Atcherson, Samuel R., M.Ed. Stigma and Misconceptions of Hearing Loss: Implications for Healthcare Professionals with Hearing Loss. Retireved from  Bauman, Neil (March 200). Successfully Coping With Hearing Loss. Retrieved from  Fleischer, Doris Zames. Frieda Zames. The Disability Rights Movement: From Charity to Confrontation. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.  Brown, Rodger. Social Psychology, 2nd Edition. New York, NY: The Free Press. (R. Burke, personal communication, March 9, 2013).  PBS (March 2007). Oral Education and Women in the Classroom. Retireved from  (n.a.) (n.d.). Oralism and How it Affects the Development of the Deaf Child. Retrieved from  Hearing Link (n.d.). HearingLink: Connecting People. Retrieved from Index Sturley, Nick (n.d.). Milan Retrieved from Bibliography Summary

 Healthy Hearing (September 6, 2012). Emotional effects Related to Untreated Hearing Loss. Retrieved from loss/Types/50526-Emotional-effects-linked-to-untreated-hearing-loss-- not loss/Types/50526-Emotional-effects-linked-to-untreated-hearing-loss-- not  Madrid, Martha Manette. The Speech Organs and Their Functions. Retrieved from speech-and-their-function speech-and-their-function  Lad, Paddy and Mike Gulliver, Sarah Batterbury (n.d.). Reassessing Minority Language Empowerment from a Deaf perspective: The other 32 Languages. Retrieved from urypaper pdf urypaper pdf  Sturley, Nick (n.d.). Milan Retrieved from  Van Cleve, John Vickrey. Deaf History Unveiled: Interpretations from the New Scholarship. Washington, D.C. Gallaudet Unviersity press. Index Bibliography Picture Citations

 F1online. n.d. [Portrait of a little boy with missing two front teeth]. Retrieved from:   Prognathism. n.d. [Example of mandibular prognathism]. Retrieved from:   SamMuslim, DDS Face Lift Dentistry. n.d. [Picture of teeth with overbite]. Retrieved from:   Hearing Therapy Australia. n.d. [Diagram of theory of lipreading]. Retrieved from:  CW Books. n.d. [Picture of books]. Retrieved from:   The Brain. n.d. [Picture of the brain with labels]. Retrieved from: rohan.sdsu.edu/~gawron/intro/course_core/lectures/aphasia_cases_slides.htmlhttp://www- rohan.sdsu.edu/~gawron/intro/course_core/lectures/aphasia_cases_slides.html   Las Vegas Guardian Express. September 15, [Picture of a depresses man sitting with head in hands]. Retrieved from:   Return Yoga. n.d. [Picture of person sitting alone in crowd]. Retrieved from: Index Text Citations Picture Citations

 Acoustics ’08 Paris. July 4, [Picture of Deaf girl with cochlear implant whispering into another girl’s ear]. Retrieved from:   University of Nebraska: Special Education & Communication Disorders. n.d. [Picture of teacher signing to student]. Retrieved from:   WBUR: Boston’s NPR News Station. November 1, [Picture of a teacher signing to a boy who has a cochlear implant]. to-be-deaf to-be-deaf  Quincy Herald-Whig. September 26, [Signing for awareness>>QU Deaf Day] Retrieved from: 6mfB3Dw39-KAHAvdyaB54https://encryptedtbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRFiWRLk7cCgDR67efLkPe5zElXrKf 6mfB3Dw39-KAHAvdyaB54  IBM connecting. n.d. [Deaf church]. Retrieved from: tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS9pcatm31hjlVXgzgpE80f2Ua6fSMif55S2nOwc5WH4O28JT QChttps://encrypted- tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS9pcatm31hjlVXgzgpE80f2Ua6fSMif55S2nOwc5WH4O28JT QC   SoundBite Hearing System. n.d. [Diagram of inner ear]. Retrieved from:   Milan n.d. [Pablo’s sign methods]. Retrieved from:   Deaf Expressions. July 27, [Sign Language is Banned!]. Retrieved from:  Index Picture Citations

 BBC News. October 15, [‘I’ve missed a year of school with ADHD]. Retrived from: =img.3..0l ac.1.30.img N5v9pO_TkjY#hl=en&q=parent+telling+ch ild+no&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=kkBKkcc6BagbQM%3A%3B1jzWuDeQoSWXMM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%2 52Fnews.bbcimg.co.uk%252Fmedia%252Fimages%252F %252Fjpg%252F_ _mother_telling_off_son.jpg% 3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.bbc.co.uk%252Fnews%252Fhealth %3B464%3B261   Dreamstime. n.d. [Royalty Free Stock Photos:Hands in handcuffs]. Retrieved from: =img.3..0l ac.1.30.img N5v9pO_TkjY#hl=en&q=hands+in+handcu ffs&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=TDmNJlpUtj0sdM%3A%3B6VvD0fzxQs6VtM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fthu mbs.dreamstime.com%252Fz%252Fhands-handcuffs-isolated-over-white-background jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.dreamstime.com%252Froyalty-free-stock-photos-hands-handcuffs- isolated-over-white-background-image %3B1300%3B957 =img.3..0l ac.1.30.img N5v9pO_TkjY#hl=en&q=hands+in+handcu ffs&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=TDmNJlpUtj0sdM%3A%3B6VvD0fzxQs6VtM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fthu mbs.dreamstime.com%252Fz%252Fhands-handcuffs-isolated-over-white-background jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.dreamstime.com%252Froyalty-free-stock-photos-hands-handcuffs- isolated-over-white-background-image %3B1300%3B957   DeafGeoff. March 3, [Lipreading:Examples of sounds and what mouths look like when saying them]. Retrieved from:   B4tea: Daily Dose of News for your healthy lifestyle. n.d. [Picture of a woman’s lips].   GeekAlerts: Gadgets for Geeks. October 10, [I’m a Man Beard]. Retrieved from: =img.3..0l ac.1.30.img N5v9pO_TkjY#hl=en&q=man+with+beard &tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=KiUXimBXzFSQrM%3A%3B- Lyu30WBHJ0OfM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.geekalerts.com%252Fu%252FIm-a-Man- Beard.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.geekalerts.com%252Fim-a-man-beard%252F%3B570%3B624 =img.3..0l ac.1.30.img N5v9pO_TkjY#hl=en&q=man+with+beard &tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=KiUXimBXzFSQrM%3A%3B- Lyu30WBHJ0OfM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.geekalerts.com%252Fu%252FIm-a-Man- Beard.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.geekalerts.com%252Fim-a-man-beard%252F%3B570%3B624 Index Video Citations Picture Citations

 YouTube music Awards. Deaf Girl Signing ‘Let it Snow.’ Retrieved from: vXXE vXXE  YouTube Music Awards. Thriller in ASL. Retrieved from: 8o 8o  Lauren Simerlink. A point about lip reading. Index Picture Citations