Professor: Jeffery Perl Mentor: Dennis O’Brien Team Members: Jinrong Chen, Kei Simmel, Hantao Wang, Marzena Zarycki Scribe: Kei Simmel

What? Why? When? How?

What? Combined heat and power (CHP), also known as cogeneration, is the simultaneous production of electricity and heat from a single fuel source, such as: natural gas, biomass, biogas, coal, waste heat, or oil. (EPA)

CHP provides: Onsite generation of electrical and/or mechanical power. Waste-heat recovery for heating, cooling, dehumidification, or process applications. Industrial manufacturers - chemical, refining, ethanol, pulp and paper, food processing, glass manufacturing Institutions - colleges and universities, hospitals, prisons, military bases Commercial buildings - hotels and casinos, airports, high-tech campuses, large office buildings, nursing homes Municipal - district energy systems, wastewater treatment facilities, K-12 schools Residential - multi-family housing, planned communities

Why?

When? (After the energy demand is finalized from other teams) Our Goal “To optimize energy production and consumption of the whole plant.“ - Prof. Perl

How? -> Block Flow Diagram Power Block Power Block Boiler Feed Prep Boiler Feed Prep Cooling Water Cooling Water Natural Gas Grid Plants Reject (Blow Down) Makeup Water (Frac Water) Plants Reject (Blow Down) Reclaimed Water Plants

Combined Heat and Power Natural Gas Coal Steam Prime Mover Prime Mover Heat Exchanger Thermal System Generator

- Reciprocating Engines ( Hot Water/ Low Pressure Steam) - Industrial Gas Turbines (High Pressure Steam) - Steam Turbines (Large Pressure Drop Requirements) - Micro-turbines (Relatively Small Capacity Required) CHP Prime Movers

Power block - Gas Turbine options Gas Turbines Conventional Turbines Microturbines kW Microturbines kW Aeroderivative Power output : MW Efficiency: ~54% Emission: 15-25NOxpp/ 25ppmCO Aeroderivative Power output : MW Efficiency: ~54% Emission: 15-25NOxpp/ 25ppmCO Industrial Heavy duty Power output : MW Efficiency: ~55% Emission: 4-15NOxpp/ 25ppmCO Heavy duty Power output : MW Efficiency: ~55% Emission: 4-15NOxpp/ 25ppmCO Small duty Power output : 5-50 MW Efficiency: ~35% Small duty Power output : 5-50 MW Efficiency: ~35%

Power block- Steam Turbine options Steam Turbines Backpressure Turbine Backpressure Turbine Condensing Turbine Steam Turbine Backpressure/ Condensing Power Output MW Power generation efficiency, %Backpressure 15-35/ Condensing Inlet Steam Temperature ° C Inlet Steam Pressure bar( psi) Exhaust Pressure Backpressure bar( 145psi-232psi) Condensing bar( psi)

Power Block NATURAL GAS

Cooling Water System Function: Convert Supply Water to Industrial Cooling Water Types of Cooling Water Systems: Once-Through Open Recirculation Closed Recirculation Design Considerations: Deposition of Solids Corrosion of Equipment Microbial Growth

Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid (Frac Water) Composition: 80-99% water Additives that need to be removed: Proppant (sand, silica) Gel Relevant Separation Processes: Clarification Precipitation Softening

Treatment Processes Clarification Coagulation – precipitation Flocculation – clumping of impurities Sedimentation – settling Filtration Precipitation Softening – for Silica Reduction Addition of Lime – precipitation Sedimentation – settling Filtration

Boiler Feed Pretreatment What is boiler feed pretreatment? A series of separation processes to provide pure water for boilers Why do we need boiler feed pretreatment? Maximizes lifetime Maximizes performance Reduces costs

Boiler Feed Pretreatment Design Basis Production scale – Required amount of water for boilers Feedstock – Reclaimed water Blow down – Hazards for environment Main Pretreatment Processes Clarification Filtration Reverse Osmosis (RO) Ion Exchange Available Suppliers GE; Nalco; Siemens; Veolia

Report Outline Executive Summary Discussion Recommendations Appendices Design Basis Block Flow Diagram Process Flow Diagram showing major equipment Material and Energy Balance Calculation Annotated Equipment List Economic Evaluation Factored from Equipment Costs Utilities Conceptual Control Scheme General Arrangement Distribution and End-use Issue Review Constraints Review Applicable Standards Project Communications File Info Sources and References

Q & A Welcome to ask questions