1. Professor: Jeffery Perl Mentor: Dennis O’Brian Team Members: Jinrong Chen, Kei Simmel, Hantao Wang, Marzena Zarycki Scribe: Hantao Wang

2. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) What is CHP? An efficient way to generate heat and power together What does CHP provide to the rest of the project? Electricity Pure water Why is CHP needed? Improves fuel efficiency Cuts down energy cost Reduces investment Our Goal “To optimize energy production and consumption of the whole plant.“ - Prof. Perl

3. Block Flow Diagram Power Block Power Block Boiler Feed Prep Boiler Feed Prep Cooling Water Cooling Water Natural Gas Grid Plants Reject (Blow Down) Makeup Water (Frac Water) Plants Reject (Blow Down) Reclaimed Water Plants

4. Combined Heat and Power Natural Gas Coal Steam Prime Mover Prime Mover Heat Exchanger Thermal System Generator

5. - Reciprocating Engines ( Hot Water/ Low Pressure Steam) - Industrial Gas Turbines (High Pressure Steam) - Steam Turbines (Large Pressure Drop Requirements) - Micro-turbines (Relatively Small Capacity Required) CHP Prime Movers

6. Power block - Gas Turbine options Gas Turbines Conventional Turbines Microturbines 20-300kW Microturbines 20-300kW Aeroderivative Power output : 16-120 MW Efficiency: ~54% Emission: 15-25NOxpp/ 25ppmCO Aeroderivative Power output : 16-120 MW Efficiency: ~54% Emission: 15-25NOxpp/ 25ppmCO Industrial Heavy duty Power output : 11-340 MW Efficiency: ~55% Emission: 4-15NOxpp/ 25ppmCO Heavy duty Power output : 11-340 MW Efficiency: ~55% Emission: 4-15NOxpp/ 25ppmCO Small duty Power output : 5-50 MW Efficiency: ~35% Small duty Power output : 5-50 MW Efficiency: ~35%

7. Power block- Steam Turbine options Steam Turbines Backpressure Turbine Backpressure Turbine Condensing Turbine Steam Turbine Backpressure/ Condensing Power Output6- 250 MW Power generation efficiency, %Backpressure 15-35/ Condensing 30-40 Inlet Steam Temperature 500-580 ° C Inlet Steam Pressure10-165 bar(145- 2395psi) Exhaust Pressure Backpressure 10-16 bar( 145psi-232psi) Condensing 0.25 -1.0 bar(3.6 -14.5psi)

8. Power Block

9. Cooling Water System Function: Convert Supply Water to Industrial Cooling Water Types of Cooling Water Systems: Once-Through Open Recirculation Closed Recirculation Design Considerations: Deposition of Solids Corrosion of Equipment Microbial Growth

10. Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid (Frac Water) Composition: 80-99% water Additives that need to be removed: Proppant (sand, silica) Gel Relevant Separation Processes: Clarification Precipitation Softening

11. Treatment Processes Clarification Coagulation – precipitation Flocculation – clumping of impurities Sedimentation – settling Filtration Precipitation Softening – for Silica Reduction Addition of Lime – precipitation Sedimentation – settling Filtration

12. Boiler Feed Pretreatment What is boiler feed pretreatment? A series of separation processes to provide pure water for boiler Why do we need boiler feed pretreatment? Maximizes lifetime Maximizes performance Reduces costs

13. Boiler Feed Pretreatment Design Basis Production scale – Required amount of water for boiler Feedstock – Reclaimed water Blow down – Hazards for environment Main Pretreatment Processes Clarification Filtration Reverse Osmosis Ion Exchange Available Suppliers GE; Nalco; Siemens; Veolia

14. Q & A Welcome to ask questions