Japanese Experiences in Urbanization & Urban Planning System in Japan JICA Expert Kenichi WAKAMATSU 23 Aug.2001 Jakarta

Today ’ s point Japanese Experiences in Urbanization Outline of Urban Planning System in Japan Suggestion for Special Planning System in Indonesia

Japanese Experiences in Urbanization

GDP per capita in Japan

Comprehensive National Development Plan

Empowering the Private Sector by Concentrating Public Investments

National Income per capita in Japan

As a result … ⇒ We had several urban problems. Formation of poor quality urbanized areas without provision for minimum public facilities, that is sprawl Environmental pollution Traffic congestion,etc

Urbanization Process in Various Countries

Characteristics of Urbanization in Developing Countries Urbanization Speed Concentration of functions and population in the metropolis, especially in national capitals

Urban Planning System in Japan

History of Urban Planning Law 1968 Detailed Zoning System End of 19c Primitive Urban Planning Old Urban Planning Law New Urban Planning Law Capital Development Covering the urban area in the whole Country Urban Infrastructure Development

The objectives of the 1968 Law Enactment of land use plans with legal power Supply of building lots in new urban areas Regulation and guidance of land use through Land Development Permission System Devolving the regulating powers of Urban Planning to local governments The introduction of a democratic process of urban planning

Difference between “ Spatial Planning in RI ” and “ Urban Planning in Japan ” “ Spatial Planning in RI ” deals with all of lands. “ Urban Planning in Japan ” deals with only urban and/or its suburb area

Urban Planning Area Area (thousands-km2) Population (mil.) Numbers of City/Town Total Nation(A) Urban Planning Area(B) B/A25.2%92.2%60.6%

Group C Urban Planning Law and Related Legislation Urban Facilities Related Urban Planning Law ・ Comprehensive National Land Development Law ・ National Land Utilization Planning Law ・ National Capital Region Development Law ・ Act for construction of Arterial Motorways for National Land Development ・ Act concerning the development Farming Promotion Areas ・ Forest Law ・ Land Expropriation Law ・ Building Standard Law ・ Act Concerning Harbors Law ・ Act Concerning Agricultural Land etc. Reserved in the Urbanization Promotion Area ・ Land Readjustment Law ・ New Residential Built-up Area Development Law ・ Urban Renewal Law Land Use Zoning Related Urban Development Projects Related ・ Road Law ・ Tramways Law ・ River Law ・ City Parks Law ・ Sewerage Law ・ Parking Place Law Group A Group B

Main Components of Urban Planning Law Urban Planning Law Zoning System Land Development Permission System Urban Planning Project The City Planning Law and Construction Standard law which Components Each Other above 4m width Road Public Facilities Development Added Review System of Development Project Conditions to Develop Projects Project Oriented Planning

Procedure of Urban Planning Approval Draft Plan Public Review Urban Planning Council of the Prefectural Government Urban Planning Approval Public Hearing & Explanation Meeting Submission of Concerned Resident ’ s Opinion Validation of the Minister of Construction Coordination with Related Agencies Opinions of the Municipality Urban Planning Council of the Municipality,etc. Summaries

A scenery of explanation meeting

Project Oriented Planning General In Japan Project implement Security in a Period of High Urban Development Demands Planning Organization Engineering Organization Project Planning Section Engineering Section Urban Planning Project

Procedure of Plan Implementation for Urban Planning Projects Individual development activities become limited In this phase, neither land purchase nor actual construction takes place. vested right is given to a developer to purchase land Landowner within a project area shall have the right to inverse possession Demolition of existing structure for the purpose of implementation becomes possible. Compulsory transfer of real estates rights becomes possible. Plan Approval (Public Facility Development and/or Urban Development Projects) Administrative Action to Implement Project Validation of Project

Suggestion for Special Planning System in Indonesia

We have to separate Urban Planning from Spatial Planning! Establishment of the concept “ Urban Planning ” Spatial Planning Urban Planning

A chain of implementing flow! (democratic process) Plan Approval Draft Plan Community Participation Project Cooperation (Right) (Duty) Information (Duty) Promotion of Projects (Right) This system should be stipulated in details by laws.

Project Oriented Planning! Urban Development Projects should be authorized with legal power. Urban Development Projects should be included in Spatial Plan. ⇒ Land Consolidation and/or KASIBA would be more and more important.

A democratic and effective method on Urban Development - Land Consolidation -

Roles of Stakeholders on Collaborative Urban Development Residents, Businesspersons Specialists (NGO, Consultants) Administration Support cooperation Advise Activities of Collaborative Urban Development Community Participation

A scenery of workshop

Future Themes for explanation Role of Central and Local Government Urban Development Projects Zoning System District Plan etc.

Thank you for your attention See you again!