At the end of this unit you will be able to  Interpret graphs on the atmosphere  State the purpose of ozone  Read and interpret the Electromagnetic Spectrum chart  Identify the three ways that heat transfers  Label a phase diagram  State the reason for seasons  List the reasons that the earth is heated unevenly

Unit 6: Atmosphere Laboratory Activities for this unit:  The structure and Composition of the Atmosphere  Conduction  Changes in State

In your table of contents Weather : Atmosphere vocabulary 73: Atmosphere composition 74: atmosphere structure 75: Sunlight and our atmosphere 75: Heat flow 76: Specific heat, p 1 ESRT 77: Temperature and Phase changes 78: Electromagnetic energy, p 14 ESRT, spectrum

In your table of contents Weather 1 79: Energy: transfer methods (foldable) 80: Intensity of light (foldable)

Now turn to page 71 and number up to page 80 When you are finished numbering turn to page 71 and title the page Unit 6 Vocabulary: Weather 1 You will be writing 13 vocabulary definitions

Conduction: Transfer of energy by direct contact, solids best Convection: transfer of energy because of density differences Radiation: How electromagnetic (light) energy moves, no medium needed

Ozone: molecule made of 3 atoms of oxygen, absorbs UV energy from the sun Specific heat: how easy or hard a material is to heating or cooling Temperature: measure of the kinetic energy of the atoms

Wavelength: distance between 2 of the same points on 2 adjacent waves Calorie: amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celcius

Melting: adding heat to change from a solid to a liquid Freezing: removing heat to change from a liquid to a solid Evaporation/ vaporization: adding heat to change from a liquid to a vapor

Condensation: removing heat to change from a gas to a liquid Sublimation: Skipping a phase, from a solid to a gas or a gas to a solid

I. Atmosphere A. Composition (p 1, ESRT) 1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) a. Too much = global warming b. Acts like a blanket keeps heat in c. humans produce it by burning fossil fuels On page 73 of your notebook

Air We Breathe LithosphereWater

I. Atmosphere 2.. Water (H2O) a. only substance that exists in solid, liquid and a gas, in the atmosphere b. example: rain, hail, clouds On page 73 of your notebook

I. Atmosphere 3. Ozone (O3) a. protects us from Ultra Violet light (UV) b. Absorbs UV Light c. when the UV hits it, it naturally destroys the Ozone d. Ozone near the surface can cause breathing difficulties On page 73 of your notebook

I. Atmosphere B. Structure/ Layers (p 14, ESRT) 1. Troposphere: we live in it, all the water 2. Stratosphere: ozone layer 3. Mesosphere 4. Thermosphere On page 74 of your notebook

Selected Properties of the Earth’s Atmosphere On page 74 of your notebook

II. Sunlight and our atmosphere 1. Sun is the source of all energy in the atmosphere 2. Sunlight = INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION = visible light 3. P 14, ESRT, Spectrum chart 4. Sunlight heats air, hot air rises because it is less dense On page 75 of your notebook

III. Heat 1. flows from high to low a. High temp to low temp, until the temperatures are equal. On page 75 of your notebook

III. Heat 2. Specific heat a. amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance b. if it heats up fast it cools down fast, low Specific heat (little number) c. if it heats up slow it cools down slow, high specific heat (large number) On page 76 of your notebook

BIG NUMBER Heats up slow, cools down slow lots of energy has to be absorbed Specific heat On page 76 of your notebook and on page 1 of your ESRT Little number Heats up fast, cools down fast, very little energy has to be absorbed to cause a temp change

IV. Temperature 1. a measure of how hot or cold a substance is 2. Phase changes FOLDABLE 3. Melting  freezing: Add heat  remove heat 4.Vaporization  Condensation Add heat  remove heat On page 77 of your notebook

Add heat Remove heat Solid Liquid Gas Add heat Remove heat On page 77 of your notebook, and page 1 of your ESRT

V. Energy A. Electromagnetic energy 1. everything gives off energy 2. Spectrum, blue light, short, hot On page 78 of your notebook

On page 78 of your notebook, and page 14 of your ESRT

This lovely creature is smurfette, she is loved by all the smurfs in fact they think she is hot, and due to her height she is considered short Analogy: Think smurfette, blue waves are short and hot! On page 78 of your notebook

V. Energy B. Transfer of Energy FOLDABLE 1. Conduction- direct contact, metals, materials with low specific heat Analogy: hand on the stove top On page 79 of your notebook

When you place your hand on the handle and it is not insulated you will burn your hand because metals conduct heat On page 79 of your notebook

V. Energy B. Transfer of Energy 2. Convection- due to density differences Analogy: hot air balloon, or a lava lamp On page 79 of your notebook

The hot water goes to the top because it is less dense as it travels across the top it cools and sinks because it is more dense On page 79 of your notebook

Hot rises Cold sinks On page 79 of your notebook

V. Energy B. Transfer of Energy 3. Radiation-sunlight, heat a. energy in = short waves b. energy out = given off, re- radiated heat, long wavelength On page 79 of your notebook

Clouds reflect some of the sunlight out into space and the rest is absorbed by the surface

V. Energy B. Transfer of Energy 4. Absorbers / Reflectors a. Dark, rough, absorb Light, shiny, reflect

VI. Intensity of light Intensity means: how strong something is A. How strong the light is 1. angle- high in the sky or low in the sky 2. length or duration- long or short

VI. Intensity of light a. longest day of sunlight = June 21 b. shortest day of sunlight = Dec 21

VI. Intensity of light B. Shape of the earth 1. north pole- south pole = less sunlight 2. equator = more sunlight

V. Intensity of light C. Seasons 1. Tilt of the earth 2. Summer in the N. Hemisphere = sunlight more direct, sun high in the sky 3. Winter in the N. hemisphere = sunlight less direct, sun low in the sky

Extra Credit Assignment Weather Watch Storm stories on The weather Channel and write a 1 page review of what the show was about and list 5 things you have learned about weather. You must include the date of the show and title. You are allowed to turn in 5 assignments maximum. They are due by April 4 th, 2007