1. Energy in the Atmosphere

2. Heat Transfer
Heat always moves from higher temperatures to lower temperatures.
Hot objects in a cooler room will cool to room temperature.
Cold objects in a warmer room will heat up to room temperature.
Heat transfer continues until the objects reach equilibrium.

3. Transfer of Energy
Conduction
Convection
Radiation

4. Conduction
Conduction is the transfer of heat through a solid, liquid or gas by direct contact.

5. Convection
Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of liquids and gases.

6. Water movement Cools at the surface Convection current Hot water rises
Cooler water sinks

7. Radiation
Radiation is the transfer of energy through air and space by electromagnetic waves.

8. Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic spectrum
Different wavelengths of energy create different types of electromagnetic waves. 
Radio waves – Gamma Ray Waves

9. Visible Light Very small part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Only part humans can see.
ROY G BIV
Longest wavelength to shortest wavelength

10. Wave Behavior Reflection is when waves bounce from a surface.
Light waves in a mirror
Sound waves create echo 
Albedo is a measure of how well a surface reflects light.
High albedo = surface reflects a high percentage of the light
Low albedo = surface that reflects a small percentage of light

11. Temperature and Heat
Temperature measures how fast a material’s atoms are vibrating.
High temperature particles vibrate faster than low temperature particles.
Heat measures the material’s total energy.
When a substance changes state, latent heat is released or absorbed.
Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of the material by 1.0°C.
Water has a very high specific heat, which means it takes a lot of energy to change the temperature of water.

12. Energy from the Sun
Most of the energy that reaches the Earth’s surface comes from the Sun.
Three types of UltraViolet radiation:
UVC: the highest energy
UVB: the second highest energy
UVA: the lowest energy
Ozone completely removes UVC, most UVB, and some UVA from incoming sunlight.

13. Solar Radiation on Earth
Different parts of the Earth receive different amounts of solar radiation.
Equator receiving more, Poles receiving less
Revolution: Earth traveling around the Sun once each year.
Rotation: Earth spins on its axis once each day.
This axis of rotation is tilted 23.5°
Seasons are caused by the direction Earth's axis is pointing relative to the Sun.

14. Solar Radiation on Earth
Northern Hemisphere Summer
Northern Hemisphere Winter

15. Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere
Heat radiates from the ground into the lower atmosphere. (heat source for the Troposphere)
Heat that radiates from the ground initiates convection cells in the atmosphere.

16. Heat at Earth’s Surface
The amount of incoming solar energy is different at different latitudes.
More solar energy reaches the low latitudes.
The redistribution of heat by convection drives the planet's air currents.
This map shows the maximum land surface temperature of the Earth, showing a roughly gradual temperature gradient from the low to the high latitudes.

17. 1. Which of the following is not a method of heat transfer?
A. Radiation
B. Insulation
C. Conduction
D. Convection

18. 2. In which of the following are the particles closest together?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Fluid

19. 3. How does heat energy reach the Earth from the Sun?
A. Radiation
B. Conduction
C. Convection
D. Insulation