Egypt New and Old

Egypt One of the 5 cradles of civilization or “cultural hearths”. Recorded history from 5000 BC Home of the Great Pyramids & the Sphinx

Cairo & Nile 1 The Nile runs through Cairo Modern-day Cairo, Egypt

Cairo & Nile 2

Cairo & Nile 3

Cairo & hajib Cairo street with Muslim woman wearing a “hajib”.

Map of Ancient Egypt & the Nile

The Nile Which direction does it flow? …to the north…towards the Mediterranean Sea. Why was it important to the ancient Egyptians? Earliest gathering place of nomads. 2. Source of fresh water for all their basic needs. 3. Source of “alluvial soil” for their crops. Trivia: What was a “nilometer”? A device to measure water flow on the Nile.

Two Nilometers used in ancient Egypt

Map of Ancient Egypt & the Nile

What were the rulers of Egypt called? Pharaohs Pharaoh is Greek for “great house” which meant the temple and the ruler inside.

The Pharaohs: More than 170 rulers of Egypt for over 3000 years. Amenhotep III: Ruled for 39 years (died at age 50). Akhenaten: Son of Amenhotep III. Told his people only he would talk to God. Kicked out the priests. King Tut: The boy king and son of Akhenaten. Became pharaoh at age 8 or 9. Died at 18 or 19. Married with 2 still-born children. Cleopatra: The last Pharaoh: she was the famous Queen that loved a Roman General: Mark Antony (he killed himself when he heard (falsely) that Cleopatra was dead. Cleopatra then killed herself by a snake bite). Khufu: (Cheops) Built the biggest pyramid. Ramses II: The warrior-king. Became pharaoh at age 20 and ruled for 67 years.

King Tut’s death mask

King Tut’s coffin….solid gold.

King Tut wrapped up

The Mummy Trailer.wmv

King Tut unwrapped

King Tut’s chair…. covered with gold King Tut’s chair….covered with gold. Shows a picture of him and his wife.

…in a pyramid! Where did they find King Tut? There are more than 100 pyramids in Egypt… ….but only a few are famous.

Step Pyramid 1 Step Pyramid 1 The “Step” pyramid was the first of all the pyramids. Step Pyramid 1 Step Pyramid 1 Have you seen something like this before? The Aztecs: Temple of the Moon …In Mexico!!

Maidum Pyramid 2 Maidum Pyramid 2 The Maidum pyramid was the 2nd pyramid built. This picture only shows a portion since the bottom is covered with tons of sand.

Bent Pyramid 3 Bent Pyramid 3 Pay attention to the sides…they were orginally smooth. The “Bent” Pyramid was the 3rd pyramid built.

Red Pyramid 4 Red Pyramid 4 The 1st “true” pyramid is the “Red” Pyramid. The pyramid was made of red limestone. Egyptologists have found the names of the work gangs on some of the stones.

The Great Pyramid of Cheops Cheops Pyramid 1

Cheops 2 • Built for Cheops…ruler of Egypt in 2500 B.C. (Ruled for only 23 years) • 480 feet high • 6.8 million tons of limestone (2 million blocks) • Originally flat with white sides! • Built by skilled workers as part of their “taxes” • Construction took 80 years • Each side faces a cardinal direction (North, South, etc.) • Has windows to the stars.

Giza Pyramids 5

Sphinx & Pyramid 1

The Mummy Returns – Trailer.wmv

Sphinx & Pyramid 2 Egyptians believed the sphinx guarded the temple gates and the “underworld”.

Sphinx & Pyramid 3

Map of Ancient Egypt & the Nile

AbuSimbel 1 Temple of Ramses II at Abu Simbel

Temple of Hathor Temple of Hathor at Abu Simbel

Map of Ancient Egypt & the Nile

Luxor Avenue Avenue to temple lined with Ramses II and an obelisk.

Ramses II

More Luxor ruins More ruins at Luxor

Luxor again They worshipped snakes!

Colossi at Hemnon The Collosi of Memnon • Stood in front of an ancient Egyptian temple

Ruins at Luxor Buildings at Luxor Notice the hieroglypics The sun god: Ra These ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics couldn’t be read prior to the early 1800’s!

Hieroglyphics Spider pig, spider pig, does whatever a spider pig does. The following was found on the walls of the tomb of Pharaoh Homeratu, near the ancient city: Field of the Springs: Spider pig, spider pig, does whatever a spider pig does.

Okay…how did they figure out what all those pictures were?

The Rosetta Stone Written in 196 B.C. Written in three languages. Written by the priests to honor the pharaoh and to proclaim all the good things he had done Found in 1799 by the French while building a fort. Translated, primarily, by a French scholar that could read Greek & Coptic Now it can be seen in the British museum. The Rosetta Stone

Hieroglypics (Language of the religion) Demotic (Common language) Rosetta Stone 2 Demotic (Common language) Greek (Language of the Rulers)

How to read hieroglyphics: Hieroglyphics are pictures that equal sounds. It is phonetic…no unnecessary letters! It uses almost NO vowels. Combine pictures to make words. Water = W T R = Mr. Bird = MR BRD =

Now it’s your turn!