WOOD 120 “Topics in Forestry” 1. 2 Global Distribution of Forests www.iisd.org/wcfsd/currentforests.png.

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Presentation transcript:

WOOD 120 “Topics in Forestry” 1

2 Global Distribution of Forests

3 SoftwoodsHardwoods ( (Ellis) (Côté) (BC Wood Specialties) ( Gymnosperms Evergreen Coniferous Angiosperms Deciduous Non-Coniferous

4 Global Distribution of Forests 18% 25% 17% 12% 7% 21%

Forest Harvest (Global) Subsistence(Domestic Survival) Non-subsistence (Industrial) 5

6 Forested Lands in Canada

Biogeoclimatic Zones of BC 7 (BC Ministry of Forests and Range)

8 British Columbia - Forest Regions Coast Northern Interior Southern Interior (BC Ministry of Forests and Range, 2003)

9 “Forest” “A forest is an ecosystem characterized by a more or less dense and extensive tree cover, often consisting of stands varying in species composition, structure, age class, and associated processes, and commonly including meadows, streams, fish and wildlife.” (Society of American Foresters, 1998)

10 Land types in British Columbia (BC Ministry of Forest and Range, 2003)

11 Forest Land Ownership FederalProvincialPrivate BC1%96%3% Canada14%78%8% USA37%63% (Canadian Forest Service, 2001)

Canada

13 The “Politics” of Canadian Forests Federal Ministry of Natural Resources Provincial Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (CCFM) Canadian Forest Service “To promote the sustainable development of Canada's forests and competitiveness of the Canadian forest sector for the well-being of present and future generations of Canadians.” (Natural Resources Canada, 2005)

14 Examples of Associations and NGOs Council of Forest Industries (COFI) Truck Loggers Association (TLA) Forest Products Association of Canada (FPAC) Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Greenpeace Canada Sierra Club of BC

15 Canada’s Balance of Trade (2012) (Statistics Canada)

Canada’s Balance of Trade ( ) 16 $, Billion (Statistics Canada, 2013)

Some BC Forest Facts In 2011, forest products made up 30 percent of all B.C. exports, with a value of roughly $9.95 billion a year. Forestry is the number-one industry in BC’s northern interior region producing more than one fifth of Canada’s softwood lumber each year. Direct employment in the forest industry in 2010 averaged 55,500 positions, representing 2.5 percent of total provincial employment. Half of softwood produced in Canada comes from BC (52.5% in 2010) 17 (Council of Forest Industries, 2011)

18 BC Commercial Timbers Softwoods (94%) Lodgepole pine Spruce Hemlock Balsam fir Western red cedar Yellow cedar Douglas-fir Ponderosa pine Larch White pine Hardwoods (6%) Aspen Red alder Western white birch Bigleaf maple (Council of Forest Industries, 2000)

Timber volume in BC’s forests by species 19

Forest Fires in BC (Vancouver Province) (Top News)

21

# of fires 1333

Mountain Pine Beetle (Natural Resources Canada)

Mountain Pine Beetle

25

Mountain Pine Beetle (Natural Resources Canada)

Mountain Pine Beetle NRCan Innovation Canada

Blue-Stained Pine

Total Area Affected by Mountain Pine Beetle in Western Canada

Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC (BC Ministry of Forests and Range)

Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC (BC Ministry of Forests and Range)

Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC (BC Ministry of Forests and Range)

Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC (BC Ministry of Forests and Range)

First Nations Tsilhqot-in First Nation granted title to more than 1,700 km 2 of land in BC. Land covered is greater than traditional reserve. Impact on current and future natural resource development (forestry, mines) is uncertain.

Global Economic Downturn Real estate “bubble” Over optimism (real estate, stocks, etc.) Sub-prime mortgages → defaults Single family housing starts (USA) 2005 = 2.0 million; 2009 ≈ 0.5 million Home inventories (USA) 2006 = 5 million; 2009 = 10 million Demand for Canadian lumber ↓↓↓ 36

US Housing Starts and Lumber Prices 37

BC Interior Lumber Production 38