1. WOOD 120 “Topics in Forestry”

2. Global Distribution of Forests

3. Gymnosperms Evergreen Coniferous Angiosperms Deciduous Non-Coniferous
Softwoods
Hardwoods
Gymnosperms
Evergreen
Coniferous
Angiosperms
Deciduous
Non-Coniferous
(Ellis) (
(Côté)
(BC Wood Specialties) (
(Côté)

4. Global Distribution of Forests
Hardwoods + Softwoods
Hardwoods

5. Global Distribution of Forests
18% 7%
21%
25%
17%
12%

6. Forest Harvest (Global)
Subsistence (Domestic Survival)
Non-subsistence (Industrial)

7. Forested Lands in Canada

8. Biogeoclimatic Zones of BC
(BC Ministry of Forests and Range)

9. British Columbia - Forest Regions
Northern Interior
Southern Interior
Coast
(BC Ministry of Forests and Range, 2003)

10. “Forest”
“A forest is an ecosystem characterized by a more or less dense and extensive tree cover, often consisting of stands varying in species composition, structure, age class, and associated processes, and commonly including meadows, streams, fish and wildlife.”
(Society of American Foresters, 1998)

11. Land types in British Columbia
(BC Ministry of Forest and Range, 2003)

12. Forest Land Ownership Federal Provincial Private BC 1% 96% 3% Canada
14%
78% 8%
USA
37%
63%
(Canadian Forest Service, 2001)

13. Canada

14. The “Politics” of Canadian Forests
Federal Ministry of Natural Resources
Provincial Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations
Canadian Council of Forest Ministers
Canadian Forest Service “To promote the sustainable development of Canada's forests and competitiveness of the Canadian forest sector for the well-being of present and future generations of Canadians.” (Natural Resources Canada, 2005)

15. Examples of Associations and NGOs
Council of Forest Industries (COFI)
Truck Loggers Association (TLA)
Forest Products Association of Canada (FPAC)
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
Greenpeace Canada
Sierra Club of BC

16. Canada’s Balance of Trade (2014)
(Statistics Canada)

17. Canada’s Balance of Trade (2005-2014)
$, Billion
(Statistics Canada, 2015)

18. Some BC Forest Facts
In 2011, forest products made up 30 percent of all B.C. exports, with a value of roughly $9.95 billion a year.
Forestry is the number-one industry in BC’s northern interior region producing more than one fifth of Canada’s softwood lumber each year.
Direct employment in the forest industry in 2010 averaged 55,500 positions, representing 2.5 percent of total provincial employment.
Half of softwood produced in Canada comes from BC (52.5% in 2010)
(Council of Forest Industries, 2011)

19. BC Commercial Timbers Softwoods (94%) Lodgepole pine Spruce Hemlock
Balsam fir
Western red cedar
Yellow cedar
Douglas-fir
Ponderosa pine
Larch
White pine
Hardwoods (6%)
Aspen
Red alder
Western white birch
Bigleaf maple
(Council of Forest Industries, 2000)

20. Timber volume in BC’s forests by species

21. Forest Fires in BC
(Top News)
(Vancouver Province)

23. $ Million spent # of fires $298 $212 1441 1673 $277 1858 2473 $382
$165
3064
2394
$159
2570
$134
1650
$ ??
916
$47
$99
$122
976
1606
$82
$54
1857
2023
653

24. Mountain Pine Beetle
(Natural Resources Canada)

26. Mountain Pine Beetle
(Natural Resources Canada)

27. Mountain Pine Beetle
Innovation Canada
NRCan

28. Blue-Stained Pine www.green.blogs.nytimes.com www.designsbyjessica.ca

29. Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC
(BC Ministry of Forests and Range)

30. Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC
(BC Ministry of Forests and Range)

31. Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC
(BC Ministry of Forests and Range)

32. Mountain Pine Beetle spread in BC
(BC Ministry of Forests and Range)

33. First Nations
Tsilhqot-in First Nation granted title to more than 1,700 km2 of land in BC (2014)
Land covered is greater than traditional reserve
Impact on current and future natural resource development (forestry, mines) is uncertain

35. Global Economic Downturn
Real estate “bubble”
Over optimism (real estate, stocks, etc.)
Sub-prime mortgages → defaults
Single family housing starts (USA)
2005 = 2.0 million; 2009 ≈ 0.5 million
Home inventories (USA)
2006 = 5 million; 2009 = 10 million
Demand for Canadian lumber ↓↓↓

36. US Housing Starts and Lumber Prices

37. BC Interior Lumber Production