1. FORESTRY

2. Forests cover 42% of Canada’s total area (only Russia and Brazil have more forests than Canada)
Softwood forests
make up 66% of Canada’s forests
consist of mainly coniferous trees (cone-bearing trees with needle leaves)
Hardwood forests
- make up 12% of the forest cover
- consist of mainly deciduous trees (lose their leaves every year)
Mixed Forests
make up 22% of forests in Canada
contain both coniferous and deciduous trees

3. Characteristics of Forests
Commercial forests – consist of trees that can be harvested profitably (trees grow relatively quickly and are accessible)
Non-commercial forests – unlikely to be harvested (trees do not grow quickly are large enough for harvesting; too far from transportation routes)
Canada has five different forest regions

4. Economic Impact of Forests
Canadian forest industry products are worth $81 billion per year (slightly more than half exported)
The industry provides more than direct jobs and indirect jobs

5. Methods of Logging
1. Clear-cutting
Most popular, fastest, and cheapest method
Remove every tree, leaving barren landscape
When replanted, the new forest grows uniformly making it easier to log again
If no replanting the land may be damaged

6. 2. Shelterwood Logging
clear-cutting only part of a forest
Leave seed-bearing trees to regenerate the logged area
3. Selective Cutting
Harvesting only mature trees of desired size, type, or quality
Less disruptive to the forest environment
Hardwoods cut in this manner
More costly

7. Manufacturing Operations
Pulp and Paper
Canada is world’s 2nd largest producer and largest exporter
Mills are found in every province except PEI
Lumber
ex. plywood, cedar shingles, etc.
Sawmills smaller than pulp and paper mills
Recreation
- camping, hiking, canoeing, fishing…

8. “New Pulp and Paper Mill Will Earn Company Millions of Dollars and Bring 500 New Jobs to Community”
VS.
“Protesters Block Logging
Road to Stop the Cutting
of Old-Growth Forest”

9. Read “Three Issues, Two Views” (320-321)
Work on accompanying activity