Six Sigma Continuous Improvement Training Six Sigma Continuous Improvement Training Decision Making Process Six Sigma Simplicity

Key Learning Points  Good Decisions are Made by using the Right Tools Agenda We’ll explore:  Decision making Methods  The Consensus process  Team Decision making techniques  Decision making Exercise  Good Decisions are Made by using the Right Tools Agenda We’ll explore:  Decision making Methods  The Consensus process  Team Decision making techniques  Decision making Exercise

Methods of Decision making Decide & Announce Gather input from individuals & decide Gather input from Team & decide Consensus Delegate with Constraints Level of Involvement Level of Buy - in Reproduced from GE Rework Cycle

Rationale for use of each method  Decide and announce  Little time to make the decision without adverse impact  Group is likely to support and implement the decision  Gather input from individuals and decide  Need expert opinion of a few people to make informed decisions  Stakeholder interests are represented by selected individuals  Decide and announce  Little time to make the decision without adverse impact  Group is likely to support and implement the decision  Gather input from individuals and decide  Need expert opinion of a few people to make informed decisions  Stakeholder interests are represented by selected individuals

Rationale for use of each method  Gather input from group and decide  An important decision to many people  Consensus (Reaching team agreement)  Change requires complete understanding and buy-in  Need expertise of entire group to begin effective change  Delegate with Constraints  Group has experience and capability to make decisions in a timely manner  Leaders’ time can be spent in another way  Gather input from group and decide  An important decision to many people  Consensus (Reaching team agreement)  Change requires complete understanding and buy-in  Need expertise of entire group to begin effective change  Delegate with Constraints  Group has experience and capability to make decisions in a timely manner  Leaders’ time can be spent in another way

Team Decision or Consensus Process REDUCE DISCUSS SELECT

Consensus Process Guidelines  Reduce  What is the goal?  Avoid judging ideas  Maintain self esteem by presenting facts  Involve everyone  Look for similarities and combine if possible  Consider effort against impact  Reduce  What is the goal?  Avoid judging ideas  Maintain self esteem by presenting facts  Involve everyone  Look for similarities and combine if possible  Consider effort against impact

Consensus Process Guidelines  Discuss  Organize and prioritize  Consider other reactions before responding  Fully explore differences  Use positive feedback, not criticism  Discuss  Organize and prioritize  Consider other reactions before responding  Fully explore differences  Use positive feedback, not criticism

Consensus Process Guidelines  Select  The idea or solution must meet the goal  Focus on the idea, not the person  Do not change your mind to avoid conflict  Do not assume that someone must win  Select  The idea or solution must meet the goal  Focus on the idea, not the person  Do not change your mind to avoid conflict  Do not assume that someone must win

Team Decision making techniques

Team decision making techniques  Check the Goal  How does this affect the teams goal?  What impact does it have on the organization’s business strategy?  How does this affect our customers?  List reduction  Clarify options which are unclear  Eliminate or combine options  Check the Goal  How does this affect the teams goal?  What impact does it have on the organization’s business strategy?  How does this affect our customers?  List reduction  Clarify options which are unclear  Eliminate or combine options

Team decision making techniques  Show your cards  All team members to share views  Limit time  No Judgment or argument  Impact / effort grid  Impact – Low, Medium, High  Effort – (1)Little, (2) Moderate, (3) Great  Show your cards  All team members to share views  Limit time  No Judgment or argument  Impact / effort grid  Impact – Low, Medium, High  Effort – (1)Little, (2) Moderate, (3) Great

IMPACT EFFORT Team Decision making techniques  Impact / Effort Grid LITTLE MODERATE GREAT HIGH MEDIUM LOW

Team Decision making techniques  Criteria Screen

Team Decision making technique  Balance Sheet This is a convenient technique when you have only two options  Simply a list of:  Pros / Cons  Go / No Go  Plus / Delta  Balance Sheet This is a convenient technique when you have only two options  Simply a list of:  Pros / Cons  Go / No Go  Plus / Delta

Team Decision making techniques  Weighted Voting  Determines the strength of everyone’s position  The process  You have only a certain amount to spend, so spend it on the things you think will be the most worthwhile  Weighted Voting  Determines the strength of everyone’s position  The process  You have only a certain amount to spend, so spend it on the things you think will be the most worthwhile

Team Decision making techniques Guidelines for weighted voting  Number of votes = Number of options x 2  Must use all votes  50/50 rule:  Must vote for at least 50% of the options  No more than 50% of your votes on any one option Guidelines for weighted voting  Number of votes = Number of options x 2  Must use all votes  50/50 rule:  Must vote for at least 50% of the options  No more than 50% of your votes on any one option

Class Exercise

The Survivor Exercise  You are a passenger in a plane that is clearly in trouble  You heard the pilot radioing for help as the plane crashed in the tundra in Canada along the Quebec/Newfoundland border  The pilot has died and the plane has sunk in a marsh with the radio on board  The crash occurred 30 miles from the intended destination  Each team represents the remaining survivors of the plane crash  There is agreement that all participants will stay together  The survivors were able to salvage 15 items before the plane sunk  Those 15 items are listed in the next slide :  You are a passenger in a plane that is clearly in trouble  You heard the pilot radioing for help as the plane crashed in the tundra in Canada along the Quebec/Newfoundland border  The pilot has died and the plane has sunk in a marsh with the radio on board  The crash occurred 30 miles from the intended destination  Each team represents the remaining survivors of the plane crash  There is agreement that all participants will stay together  The survivors were able to salvage 15 items before the plane sunk  Those 15 items are listed in the next slide :

The survivor kit 1. A magnetic compass 2. A gallon can of corn syrup 3. One sleeping bag per survivor (dry & in good shape) 4. Water purification tablets 5. A tent matches feet of rope 8. A flashlight 9. A set of snowshoes for each survivor 10. A fifth of vodka 11. A make-up kit with compact mirror 12. An old-fashion wind-up alarm clock 13. A Swiss Army knife 14. A 10-speed bike 15. A book on astronomy 1. A magnetic compass 2. A gallon can of corn syrup 3. One sleeping bag per survivor (dry & in good shape) 4. Water purification tablets 5. A tent matches feet of rope 8. A flashlight 9. A set of snowshoes for each survivor 10. A fifth of vodka 11. A make-up kit with compact mirror 12. An old-fashion wind-up alarm clock 13. A Swiss Army knife 14. A 10-speed bike 15. A book on astronomy

As an INDIVIDUAL fill out the list of items in order of importance from 1(most important to survival) to 15 (least important to survival) As an INDIVIDUAL fill out the list of items in order of importance from 1(most important to survival) to 15 (least important to survival) The Survivor Exercise : Step 1 123Difference between Steps ItemsIndividualTeamExpert

Now, fill in the same table as a TEAM. You MUST reach consensus in ranking these items in order of importance The Survivor Exercise : Step 2 123Difference between Steps ItemsIndividualTeamExpert

Now, if you have in your team, a member that has been camping and possibly survivor experience (the expert), how did he/she rank these items? The Survivor Exercise : Step 3 123Difference between Steps ItemsIndividualTeamExpert

Six Sigma Continuous Improvement Training Six Sigma Continuous Improvement Training Decision Making Process