Scotland & Wales Scotland one third of the land in the United Kingdom Less than 10% of the population lives there. Landscape rugged Cheviot Hills and Tweed River separate Scotland from England. Scotland is divided into three regions: Highlands, Central Lowlands, and the Southern Uplands.

Scotland & Wales The Highlands: ▫Large, high plateau with many lakes, called lochs. ▫Much of the highlands are covered with moors. ▫Moors- broad, treeless rolling plans. ▫Moors are dotted with Bogs. ▫Bogs- areas of wet, spongy ground. ▫Economies in the Highlands: fishing and sheep herding. ▫England has textiles Scotland still has people producing a type of hand-woven, woolen cloth known as tweed.

Scotland & Wales The Central Lowlands: ▫75 % of Scotland’s people live in this region, stretching between Glasgow and Edinburgh ▫1800’s industry began to rise in the central lowlands, Clyde River brought shipbuilding to the region, and helped establish the United Kingdom’s powerful navy.

Scotland & Wales Southern Uplands: ▫Closest to the English border. ▫Sheep-raising region ▫Medieval abbeys and low, hilly landscapes bring tourism to the region.

Scotland & Wales Scotland: ▫NEW industry is taking the place of mining, steel making and shipbuilding ▫Oil discoveries ▫Computer and electronic businesses have developed along the Clyde and Tweed Rivers. ▫Called the Silicon Glen of Scotland. ▫Glen- is a narrow valley ▫Scotland kept their own system of laws and its own system of education

Scotland & Wales Wales Has its own capital city, own post stamps, national flag, and national language. Influenced by England. Conquered it in 1284

Scotland & Wales Wales: ▫Landscape:  Peninsula off the island of England  Size of Massachusetts  Similar landscape of Scotland  Highland area in Northern Wales, lowlands running along the southern coast near Cardiff and Cambrian Mountains in central Wales.  Marine west coast climate like the rest of Great Britain  Receives more rainfall then southern England.

Scotland & Wales Wales ▫Welsh have fought for cultural independence. ▫Language is important ▫2.9 million people speak English, but 20% still speak Welsh as their first language. ▫Economy:  Industry and coal mining changed the landscape and economy of southern Wales.  Economy got poor. Heavy industry had fallen.  Industry started to rise again in high-tech industries.

Two Irelands Emerald Isle: ▫Climate, marine west coast climate keeps vegetation green for most of the year. ▫Peat- spongy material containing water logging mosses and plants. Covers one sixth of the country. ▫Recently Republic of Ireland used peat as a method for power plants. Produce electricity

Two Irelands Region of Conflict: ▫Normans and Celtic tribes ▫Normans tried to control the Celtics who lived there, Normans came from France ▫Normans banned use of the Celtic language known as Gaelic. ▫Henry II tried to declare himself Lord of Ireland in Kings after him thought of Ireland as their possession.

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