1. CHAPTER 15--THE BRITISH ISLES AND THE NORDIC NATIONS.
SECTION ONE--ENGLAND

2. THE UNITED KINGDOM ALL ISLANDS CALLED THE “BRITISH ISLES.
UNITED KINGDOM MADE UP OF”
GREAT BRITAIN--WHICH IS
1) ENGLAND 2) WALES
3) SCOTLAND
AND NORTHERN IRELAND

4. ENGLAND’S 3 REGIONS THE HIGHLANDS THE MIDLANDS LOWLANDS
BAND OF HILLS/MTS.--WEST COAST
DIFFICULT TO FARM
THE MIDLANDS
INDUSTRIAL REGION /COAL & INDUSTRY
LARGEST POPULATED CITIES HERE
LOWLANDS
LAND SLOPES TOWARD ENGLISH CHANNEL
ENGLANDS MOST PRODUCTIVE FARM AREA
RAISING SHEEP, BEEF AND DAIRY CATTLE

5. LONDON--KEY CITY! CAPITAL OF ENGLAND LOCATED ON THE THAMES RIVER
NATURAL HARBOR
LOCATION MADE IT NATURAL AS A CENTER OF TRADE--CLOSENESS TO EUROPE.

6. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION STARTS IN ENGLAND.
ABUNDANT NATURAL RESOURCES
COAL, LABOR, WATER POWER
GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL TOWNS
BIRMINGHAM, SHEFFIELD, NEWCASTLE
CREATED PROBLEMS
INCREASED POLLUTION
CHALLENGED BY NEW INDUSTRIAL NATIONS
U.S. AND GERMANY

7. ENGLAND’C CHANGING ECONOMY
MORE TERTIARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
SERVICE INDUSTRIES
INCREASED TRADE-RELATIONS WITH EUROPE--RESULTS OF THE “CHUNNEL”
PART OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
WON’T ADOPT THE “EURO”-currency

8. UNIQUE ACTIVITIES IN ENGLAND

9. SECTION 2--SCOTLAND AND WALES
1/3 OF THE LAND OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.
LESS THAN 10% OF U.K. POPULATION
SEPARATED FROM ENGLAND BY THE TWEED RIVER AND THE CHEVIOT HILLS.

11. REGIONS OF SCOTLAND THE HIGHLANDS
HIGH PLATEAU COVERED WITH LAKES CALLED LOCHS
MANY BROAD TREELESS PLAINS --MOORS
AREAS OF WET SPONGY GROUND--BOGS
FISHING & SHEEP HERDING-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
PRODUCE THE HANDWOVEN WOOLEN CLOTH--TWEED

12. REGIONS OF SCOTLAND CENTRAL LOWLANDS SOUTHERN UPLANDS
75% OF POPULATION-BETWEEN GLASGOW AND EDINBURGH
RECENT LOSS OF INDUSTRY
SOUTHERN UPLANDS
CLOSEST TO ENGLAND
SHEEP RAISING REGION

13. SCOTTISH CULTURE-OLD AND NEW!
NEW INDUSTRY--COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY.
STILL KEEP SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH-CHIEF RELIGION
HIGHLAND GAMES --TRADITIONAL ATHLETIC CONTESTS!

14. WALES Conquered by England in 1284. About the size of Massachusetts
3 regions
Highland Region--North
Lowlands in South near Cardiff
Cambrian Mts. In Central Wales
Marine West Coast climate

15. WALES ECONOMICS AND INDEPENDENCE
ECONOMICS OF WALES
EARLY 1900’S RELIED ON COAL MINING
COAL MINES FAILED IN 1990’S
REPLACED BY TECHNOLOGY AND TOURISM JOBS
TRYING TO MAINTAIN THEIR OWN CULTURE:
1) SEPARATE LANGUAGE
20% OF PEOPLE SPEAK WELSH
2) OWN FLAG

16. SECTION 3 THE TWO IRELANDS
IRELAND DIVIDED INTO 2 PARTS:
NORTHERN IRELAND
PREDOMINANTLY PROTESTANT
ENGLISH / SCOTTISH IMMIGRANTS
AGAINST RE-UNITING IRELAND
REPUBLIC OF IRELAND
PREDOMINATLY CATHOLICS
DESCENDANTS OF ORIGINAL CELTIC PEOPLE
GOAL IS TO RE-UNITE IRELAND.

17. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
NICKNAMED THE “EMERALD ISLE”
MARINE WEST COAST CLIMATE
1/6 COVERED WITH PEAT--A waterlogged spongy material now used in power plants.
ECONOMICS--GOOD AND BAD
+Growth in education and telecommunications
highest economic growth in Europe
+Unemployment falls
+Irish emigrants return to Ireland
-Ireland adopts the Euro.
-Inflation 6.2%(Triple European average)
-Housing costs grow

18. IRISH HISTORY
IRELAND FALLS UNDER BRITISH CONTROL ’S
LAND SPLIT BETWEEM ENGLISH PROTESTANTS AND IRISH CATHOLICS
CULTURAL DIVERGENCE--KEEP CULTURES APART
POTATO FAMINE LEADS TO MILLIONS DYING DUE TO STARVATION!--BLAME ENGLAND!
MILLIONS IMMIGRATE TO THE U.S.
REPUBLIC OF IRELAND BECOMES INDEPENDENT 1949
History of violence between Protestants and Catholics

19. SECTION 4--THE NORDIC NATIONS
5 INDEPENDENT NATIONS
FINLAND
SWEDEN
NORWAY
DENMARK
ICELAND

21. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
MUCH OF TERRAIN ESTABLISHED BY LAST “ICE AGE”.
2 PENINSULAS FILLED WITH LAKES AND ROCKEY SOIL.
COASTLINE A SERIES OF DEEP WATER FILLED VALLEYS CALLED “FJORDS”

22. NATURAL RESOURCES ICELAND --A LAND OF FIRE AND ICE
HOT WATER GEYSERS AND VOLCANOES NEXT TO GLACIERS
INHABITANTS RELY ON “GEOTHERMAL ENERGY” AS A SOURCE OF POWER.
ACOUNTS FOR A LARGE PORTION OF ALL THEIR POWER.

23. SEASONS IN THE NORDIC NATIONS
WINTER-LONGEST SEASON
SUN MAY ONLY SHINE 2-3 HOURS.
INFLUENCE OF THE “NORTHERN LIGHTS”
SUMMER--SHORT SEASON
NOTED PUBLIC HOLIDAY
“RETURN OF THE MIDNITE SUN”
SUNLIGHT SHINES FOR 20 HOURS A DAY.

24. CLIMATE OF NORDIC NATIONS
LONG COLD WINTERS, BUT COASTAL AREAS--MILD CLIMATES
AFFECTED BY WARM WATER OCEAN CURRENTS

25. WHAT DO THE NORDIC NATIONS HAVE IN COMMON
FIRST RULED BY THE VIKINGS
MOST PRACTICE LUTHERAN REFORMED RELIGION
SIMILAR LANGUAGES--ALL STUDENTS REQUIRED TO LEARN ENGLISH
ALL ARE DEMOCRACIES AND MIXED ECONOMIES

26. NORDIC NATIONS--ECONOMICS AND FOREIGN POLICY
NORDIC GOVTS. PROVIDE/PAY FOR HEALTH CARE AND DAY CARE.
BELIEVE IN NEUTRALITY IN FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
SWEDEN & DENMARK--FARMING (60% OF LAND)
NORWAY--FISHING
NORWAY--OIL & NATURAL GAS, TIMBER