Organizing the Elements Chapter 3

Intro to ATOMS Particles of Atoms include: Nucleus-center core Protons-positive Neutrons-no charge Electrons-negative and moves rapidly (e-)

Atoms and Elements Elements identified by Number of protons in the nucleus of its atom Each element has a unique atomic number-the number of protons in its nucleus Carbon – 6Oxygen – 8Iron – 26 However, the number of neutrons will vary Same protons, different neutrons = isotopes isotopes identified by mass number

A. Who? Dmitri Mendeleev 1.Russian scientist 2. First observed elements 3. Similar physical and chemical properties 4. Noticed patterns: Ex: Florine & Chlorine both gases/irritate lungs Ex: Silver & Copper both shiny/tarnish in air 5. Invented 1 st Periodic Table Ch. 3.2

B. Today’s Periodic Table 1. Arranged by increasing atomic number 2. Atomic number = protons in the nucleus nucleus

C. Information on the Periodic Table 26 Fe Iron Atomic Number Atomic Symbol Name of Element Atomic Mass -elements arranged by this number

Elements Song There's antimony, arsenic, aluminum, selenium, And hydrogen and oxygen and nitrogen and rhenium, And nickel, neodymium, neptunium, germanium, And iron, americium, ruthenium, uranium, Europium, zirconium, lutetium, vanadium, And lanthanum and osmium and astatine and radium, And gold and protactinium and indium and gallium, And iodine and thorium and thulium and thallium. There's yttrium, ytterbium, actinium, rubidium, And boron, gadolinium, niobium, iridium, And strontium and silicon and silver and samarium, And bismuth, bromine, lithium, beryllium, and barium. There's holmium and helium and hafnium and erbium, And phosphorus and francium and fluorine and terbium, And manganese and mercury, molybdenum, magnesium, Dysprosium and scandium and cerium and cesium. And lead, praseodymium, and platinum, plutonium, Palladium, promethium, potassium, polonium, And tantalum, technetium, titanium, tellurium, And cadmium and calcium and chromium and curium. There's sulfur, californium, and fermium, berkelium, And also mendelevium, einsteinium, nobelium, And argon, krypton, neon, radon, xenon, zinc, and rhodium, And chlorine, carbon, cobalt, copper, tungsten, tin, and sodium. These are the only ones of which the news has come to Harvard, And there may be many others, but they haven't been discovered.

C solid Hg liquid gas metals metalloid nonmetal Turn to Page in your book and color/copy the table like the one in your book

Families (Groups) and Periods Vertical: Families/Groups (columns) are have similar properties Horizontal: Periods have series of different elements not alike

Metals Chapter 3.3

Properties of Metals 1. Hardness 2. Shininess 3. Malleability -pounded into shape 4. Ductility -pulled out into a long wire 5. Reactivity -combines or reacts to other metals

Alloys A mixture of metals Brass = copper + zinc Bronze = copper + tin Stainless Steel = carbon + chromium + vanadium

Nonmetals and Metalloids Ch. 3.4

Properties of Nonmetals Nonmetals-lack most of the properties of metals 1. Dull 2. Brittle 3. Low densities 4. Poor Conductors of heat and electricity

Properties of Metalloids 1. Some characteristics of both metals and nonmetals 2. Most common-silicon 3. Semiconductor-ability to carry electricity Used for computer chips, transistors, lasers