Kingdom Protista “Protists” Kingdom Protista “Protists” I. Characteristics A.All are eukaryotic B.Most are unicellular /some are multicellular C.Asexual or sexual reproduction D.Autotrophic or heterotrophic E.Can be grouped into 3 general categories by the way they obtain nutrition

PROTISTS PROTOZOANS (Animal-like) ALGAE (Plant-like) Slime/Water Molds (Fungus-like)

II. Animal – like Protists: Protozoans A. Heterotrophs-do not make their own food B. Classified by means of movement

False feet = pseudopods Projections of their cytoplasm (false feet) Most harmless, but some cause dysentery

1. amoeba-can cause amoebic dysentery 1. amoeba-can cause amoebic dysentery

2. Lime skeleton formed the white cliffs of Dover

Move by flagella (whip- like tail) Beneficial example - Trichonympha – live in gut of termites-help termite digest wood

3. Parasitic a. Trichomonas- causes STD =venereal disease causes STD =venereal disease b. Giardia-freshwater, causes dysentery b. Giardia-freshwater, causes dysentery

c. Trypanosoma-African sleeping sickness-carried by tsetse fly

PARAMECIUM move by cilia

Paramecium

Sessile 1. Do not move on their own (sessile) 2. All are parasitic-carried by an insect (insect is the vector) 3.Example-Plasmodium – in saliva glands of mosquito, causes Malaria

MALARIA

III. Plant-like protists A. Autotrophs-photosynthetic-make their own food B. Classified by: 1.Color 2.Photosynthetic pigments 3.Whether they are unicellular or multicellular

A. Unicellular Algae

1. golden algae a. Cell walls of silica b. Example- Diatoms 1.C leaners, toothpaste, filters (diatomaceous earth) 2.M akes up phytoplankton Direct and indirect food source for ocean animals Produce large amount of oxygen (50-70%) Source of offshore oil deposits Autotrophic-bottom of the food chain

Diatoms

2. Dinoflagellata a. Phytoplankton b. 2 flagella

c. Bioluminescent-produce light

red tide – a bloom that forms toxins bloom = enormous growth bloom = enormous growth 1.Depletes water of nutrients 2.Decomposes dead cells removing oxygen from water 3.Fish and other organisms die

RED TIDE

Euglena Used in sewage treatment plants Can cause blooms in pond water

B. Algae- autotroph-contain chlorophyll and accessory pigments that can give color; Classified by color Classified by color

Green Algae evolved into 1 st land plants Examples Examples unicellular-Chlamydomonas unicellular-Chlamydomonas

Volvox-colonial Volvox-colonial

spirogyra

Red Algae Used to thicken soup, pudding, frosting. Thickener is carageenan

Used to make nori (sushi wrap) Used to make nori (sushi wrap)

3. Brown algae Kelp – largest brown seaweed - used to thicken ice cream

d. Sargassum – makes up the Sargasso Sea

IV. Fungus-like protists Slime and Water Molds Decompose matter in soil

Water molds Caused Great Potato Famine

KINGDOM FUNGI

I. Characteristics A. E ukaryotic, Heterotrophic, Cell walls made of chitin B. Decomposers, some are parasitic C. Classified by their fruiting body – how they produce spores

Fruiting Bodies

Hyphae basic structural unit

Bread Mold used in cortisone production Mycelium – mass of tangled hyphae

Yeasts – used in baking and brewing (unicellular) – fermentation product = CO2 fermentation product = CO2 Remember balloon lab in the fall

Truffles - edible Morel - edible

Bracket Fungi Bracket Fungi

Mushrooms-some are food Mushrooms-some are food

Rusts/Smuts -- destroy cereal crops Rusts/Smuts -- destroy cereal crops

Amantia – Deathcap very poisonous

Puffballs

Penicillium – makes antibiotic & gives bleu cheese the blue veins

-makes citric acid and soy sauce -used to produce cyclosporin (anti-rejection drug for transplant patients)

Responsible for athlete’s foot, ringworm, jock itch, thrush

VI. Symbiotic Relationship close association of 2 organisms A. Lichen – algae (makes food) + fungus (traps moisture); used to detect air pollution used to detect air pollution B. Mycorrhizae – plant roots (feeds fungus) + fungus (gives water and minerals) fungus (gives water and minerals)