Lecture # 5 Body Landmarks

 When measuring the body for apparel design and production, it is necessary to have a few key points for which to measure to and from.  These points are called “Body Landmarks”.

Types of body landmarks!  There are two type of body landmarks – Actual points of the body – Horizontal circumferences around the body

Body Landmarks.. 1. Top of the head: The crown of the head 2. C.F. neck (Center front neck): The hollow “pit of the neck” located between the clavicles at the base of the front neck 3. C.B. neck: The bone at the base of the neck that protrudes when you tilt your head forward

Body Landmarks.. 4. H.P.S. (High point of shoulder): The point where shoulder meets the neck at the base of the side of the neck, 5. Shoulder: The point where clavicle (Collar bone) ends 6. Bust / Chest: The circumference of the fullest part at torso above waist.

Body Landmarks.. 7. Waist: The circumference of the narrowest part of the body at torso 8. Hips: The circumference of the widest part of the body at torso below waist 9. Crotch: The base of the torso at its center point between the legs

Body Landmarks Knee: The horizontal line which goes over the protruding bone at the inside of the knee and across the kneecap. 11. Ankle: The horizontal line that goes across the inside ankle’s most prominent point 12. Floor: The soles of the feet

Measurements…  Once you know the key body landmarks, you can use those and other body points to measure all of the body dimensions appropriate for your market.

Key points…  Model should be undressed  Model should wearing only undergarments  Undergarment should be very simple  Shoe should be off  Model should be standing straight  Infants should be laying straight  Breathing should be normal  Horizontal measurements should be taken by a measurement tape

Key points…  Use a measuring stick for vertical measurements  Measurement tape should be flat on the body  Tape can’t be used for neck and armhole curves  A cord may be used for these two measurements

Human Body Shape…

Measurements….  There are two type of measurements –Linear measurements  Horizontal  Vertical –Circular measurements –Curvical measurements

Horizontal Measurements…  Midriff: The circumference along the top of the diaphragm just under the bust  High Hip: The circumference around the upper part of the hips and across the fullest part of the abdomen area.

Horizontal Measurements…  Mid neck: The circumference of the neck measuring along the horizontal line that is 1” up from H.P.S.  Neck at base: The circumference around the base of the neck. (C.B - H.P.S. - C.F. – H.P.S. – C.B.)

Horizontal Measurements…  Cross Shoulder: Horizontal distance between the two shoulder points  Side Shoulder: Distance from H.P.S to shoulder point  Shoulder slope:

Horizontal Measurements…  Cross front: Horizontal distance from armhole to armhole. Take measurement halfway between the shoulder and armpit. ( about 3” from C.F)  Cross back: Horizontal distance from armhole to armhole. Take measurement halfway between the shoulder and armpit. ( about 4” from C.B)

Horizontal Measurements…  Bicep: The widest part of upper arm (Midpoint of shoulder and elbow)  Elbow: The circumference measured when the forearm is bent so that it is at 90 degree with upper arm  Wrist: The circumference of wrist.

Horizontal Measurements…  Thigh: Circumference around the widest part of thigh, just below crotch  Knee: Circumference around the protruding bone of knee.  Calf: Circumference around the widest part of calf  Ankle: Around the protruding bone

Horizontal Measurements…  Seat spread: The circumference, while sitting, around the widest part of thighs. Measure while model is seated with feet flat on floor and ankles touching each other.

Vertical Measurements…  Head Circumference: Circumference of widest part of head. Usually at the brows and just above the ears.  Height  C.B. neck height  Waist height  Hip height  Crotch height  Knee height  Ankle height

Vertical Measurements…  Total torso: Circumference of torso (Mid of shoulder – crotch – mid of shoulder)  Crotch length: Distance from waist line at center front to the waist line and center back

Vertical Measurements…  Waist to hip  Waist to knee  Waist to ankle  Crotch to ankle

Vertical Measurements…  Upper arm length: Distance from shoulder to the elbow bone. Measure with arm bent at 90 degree.  Forearm length: Distance from elbow joint to the wrist line  Inside arm length: Distance from armpit to the wrist line. Measure with relaxed arm

Vertical Measurements…  Arm Length –From shoulder –From H.P.S. –From C.B neck

Vertical Measurements…  C.F. neck to waist  C.B. neck to waist

Vertical Measurements…  Side upper torso  Bust points around neck  Arm hole:

Questions ???