C hapter 8 Wood and Wood Products

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. After studying this chapter, you will be able to: Distinguish between hardwoods and softwoods. Outline the steps in lumber production. Identify various grades and sizes of softwood and hardwood lumber. Distinguish between plywood, hardboard, medium-density fiberboard, oriented strand board, and waferboard. Objectives

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Identify various wood panel products. Distinguish between laminated-veneer lumber, glue-laminated beams, wood I-joists, open-web trusses, and parallel-strand lumber. Summarize the differences between wood shingles and wood shakes. Identify other wood products used in construction. Objectives (continued)

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood and Wood Products Wood Wood Panel Products Engineered Lumber and Beams Other Wood Products

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Classification of Wood Lumber

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Classification of Wood Softwoods: conifers, evergreen trees, includes fir, pine, spruce, cedar, redwood Hardwoods: deciduous trees, lose leaves, includes ash, cherry, maple, oak, walnut

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Lumber Converting logs into lumber Seasoning lumber Lumber classification and grades Lumber sizes Lumber uses Treated and manufactured lumber Lumber safety

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Lumber (continued) Converting logs into lumber

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Lumber (continued) Seasoning lumber

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Lumber (continued) Lumber classification and grades -Boards: less than 2″ nominal thickness

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Lumber (continued) Lumber classification and grades -Dimension lumber: 2″  5″ thick -Grade: light-framing

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Lumber (continued) Lumber classification and grades -Dimension lumber: 2″–5″ thick -Grade: stud

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Lumber (continued) Lumber classification and grades -Dimension lumber: 2″  5″ thick -Grade: structural light-framing: select structural, No. 1 and better, No. 1, No. 2, No. 3

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Lumber (continued) Lumber classification and grades -Dimension lumber: 2″  5″ thick -Grade: structural joists and planks: select structural, No. 1 and better, No. 1, No. 2, No. 3

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Lumber (continued) Lumber classification and grades -Timbers: greater than 5″ thick - Grades: select structural, No. 1, No. 2

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Lumber (continued) Lumber sizes

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Lumber (continued) Lumber uses -Framing, interior and exterior trim

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Lumber (continued) Treated and manufactured lumber

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Lumber (continued) Lumber safety - Handling long boards - Walking on edges of joists and rafters - Splinters - Treated lumber - Hand and power tools

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Timber is a renewable resource, meaning wood and wood products should be sustainable construction materials. However, for many years trees have been harvested more rapidly than they have been replaced. For this reason, other ways must be used to help increase wood and wood product sustainability. Green Construction: Sustainable Forestry

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Panel Products Plywood Hardboard Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF) Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Waferboard Working with Wood Panel Products

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Panel Products Plywood Manufacturing processes: -Rotary cut or sliced veneer -3, 5, or 7 plies assembled with grain at right angles

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Panel Products Plywood (continued) Types -Softwood plywood: strength and stiffness, appearance grades used where panel is visible -Hardwood plywood: lumber-core, veneer-core

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Panel Products Plywood (continued) Sizes -Panel size: 4′ x 8′ -Thicknesses 1/4″, 3/8″ 1/2″, 5/8″, and 3/4″ -Softwood structural panels also available in thicknesses of 15/32″, 19/32″, and 23/32″

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Panel Products Plywood (continued) Grades and uses -Softwood plywood: -Structural grades -Appearance grades

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Panel Products Plywood (continued) Grades and uses -Hardwood plywood, Appearance grades: 1 Premium, 1 Good, 2, 3, 4

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Panel Products Hardboard Made from wood fiber Grades: standard, tempered, and service Thicknesses: 1/8″, 3/16″ 1/4″ Panel size: 4′ x 8′

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Panel Products Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF) Small wood particles held together with adhesive Thicknesses: 1/4″ to 17/16″ Panel Size: 4′ x 8′

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Panel Products Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Long, narrow, strand-like particles held together with adhesive Assembled in layers with alternating strand direction Grade stamp much like structural plywood grade stamp Thicknesses: 1/4″ to 3/4″ Panel size: 4′ x 8′

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Panel Products Waferboard Particles larger than those used for OSB Particles randomly oriented Available in the same sizes and grades as OSB

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Wood Panel Products Working with Wood Panel Products Often easier to cut panels after they are in place Can be heavy and difficult to handle Follow correct procedures when using nail gun

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Engineered Lumber and Beams Laminated-Veneer Lumber (LVL) Glue-Laminated Beams Wood I-Joists Open-Web Joists Parallel-Strand Lumber

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Engineered Lumber and Beams Laminated-Veneer Lumber (LVL) 1/8″ thick x 8′ long pieces of veneer Joints staggered Plies glued together to make long pieces Used for headers, beams, columns

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Engineered Lumber and Beams Glue-Laminated Beams Made by gluing together several thicknesses of 2″ lumber Straight glue-laminated used for beams, headers, stair stringers Curved glue-laminated used to frame arch roofs

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Engineered Lumber and Beams Wood I-Joists Plywood or OSB web LVL top and bottom chord Width varies from 9 1/2″  32″ Lengths up to 60′

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Engineered Lumber and Beams Open-Web Joists 2 x 4 top and bottom chord Wood or steel webs Spans of more than 30′ are possible

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Engineered Lumber and Beams Parallel-Strand Lumber Made from 1/8″ x 1/2″ x 8′ veneer strands Coated with adhesive Machine stacked, random end overlap Cured under pressure Sawn into finished sizes

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Other Wood Products Wood Shingles and Shakes Wood Siding Wood Molding

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Other Wood Products Wood Shingles and Shakes Shingles: sawn to taper from 1/8 ″ to 1/2 ″ Shakes: Grades: No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Other Wood Products Wood Siding Horizontal: variety of patterns Vertical: plywood and board and batten

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Other Wood Products Wood Molding Ceiling Floor and wall

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. There are a wide variety of occupations related to the production of wood products used in construction. Foresters, heavy equipment operators, sawyers, and inspectors all must meet certain education requirements for their lines of work. Career Connection: Wood-Related Careers