1. Common Types of Wood
AG Mech I
Standard 6:1-3

2. Common Woods 2 types of wood Softwood & Hardwood
These trees are based by 2 categories
Either Evergreen or Decidious

3. Evergreen Do not shed their leaves on a yearly basis
Commercial importance
Mostly conifers
Conifers- have needle like leaves that produce lumber called softwood (pines)

4. Deciduous
Shed their leaves every year
Produce lumber called hardwood

5. Birch Easily recognized by their white bark
Grow in areas where summer temperatures seldom exceed 70 degrees Fahrenheit
Dense and fine-textured
Used for furniture, plywood, paneling, boxes, baskets, and veneer (very thin sheet of wood glued to a cheaper species of wood)

6. Cedar Eastern Red, White, Western Red
Eastern red cedar is used for fence posts because it is very resistant to decay
Eastern red can also be used for an air freshener because its odor repels insects.
Furniture, chests and closet linings

7. Cherry Grow from southern Canada through the eastern U.S.
Wood is very dense and stable after drying
Desirable and very popular in the production of fine-quality furniture
It is expensive and in limited supply, so it is used mostly for veneer and paneling

8. Cypress Medium hardness Rot resistance
Structural material in wet areas

9. Douglas Fir
This is 5 to 6 times the production of most other softwood species
It is popular as construction lumber and to manufacture plywood
Plywood is a construction material made of thin layers of wood glued together

10. Oak: White and Red White oak lumber is very hard, heavy, and strong
Its pores are plugged with membranes that make it nearly waterproof
Used for structural timbers, flooring, furniture, fencing, pallets, and other uses where wood strength is necessary

11. White Pine Lumber is soft, light, and straight-grained
Has less strength than spruce or hemlock
More popular as a wood in cabinetmaking
They grow from Maine to Georgia

12. Yellow Pine
Included in the category of southern pine is longleaf pine, shortleaf pine, loblolly pine, and slash pine
They grow in the southern states and south Atlantic states
Lumber from southern pine is used for construction
Also used for pulpwood and plywood

13. Black Walnut Premier wood for the manufacture of fine furniture
Grows from Vermont to Texas
Has straight grain and is easily machined with woodworking tools
It is slow growing and very desirable
Often made into veneer to get more use from its chocolate-brown heartwood
It is the source of black walnut nut meats

14. Hardwood Grades Highest grade FAS (first and seconds)
To be graded FAS board must be 8’ long and 6” wide and 83% of surface mus tbe clear
FAS-1 next grade and means only 1 side of the board meets grade
Number 1 Common (1C) is the next lower grade followed by must be 4’ long and 3” 67% clear
2C min 4’ long 3” wide 50% clear
3AC min 4’ long 3” wide 33% clear

15. Softwood Grades 3 board grades Select Common Dimension
Select is used for the purpose of appearance to qualify for select all defects must minor and covered when finished
Select grades go from A-D
Common is for construction purposes when appearance is not a factor
Common Grades-uses number grades 1-5 with 5 being the worse

16. Softwood Grades Dimension is recommended where strength is needed
Grade is based on straightness, strength and rigidity of the board
Common uses rafters, studs, joists
Dimension grades are from 1-3

17. Common Wood Dimensions
Lumber is cut to actual sizes this is called rough cut lumber but to make the sides smooth you have to plane when you plane the lumber it shaves off 1/8” on each side

18. Common Wood Dimensions
S2S lumber the 2 surface sides are planned but edges are not
S4S lumber all 4 sides are planned
Sanded- width and thickness are exact on all pieces