GNSS Integrity John Wilde CEO, DW International

Agenda About DW International Basic GNSS Principles Navigation System Performance – RNP RAIM on the Ground - Performance Prediction GNSS RAIM/RNP Prediction Tool 2

DW International 3 Started in 2005 Consultancy for: Air Navigation Civil Air Communications Air Traffic Management In-house Expertise in Aviation Array of External Consultants International Presence ISO 9001:2008 Certified

Expertise Navigation (PBN) Airworthiness and Operational Approval Aviation Safety Communications Surveying / Geodesy Instrument Procedure Design Airspace Design GNSS Policy Making ATM Consultancy Spectrum 4

Consultancy RNAV 1 / RNAV 2 Navigation Specification PBN Criteria for PANS-OPS Editorial Reviews for ICAO PBN Manual + RNP AR Procedure Design Manual P-RNAV Safety Case RF Spectrum Expertise Technical Advisor to EUROCONTROL IFPP Member Chairmanship of CGSIC 5

Agenda About DW International Basic GNSS Principles Navigation System Performance – RNP RAIM on the Ground - Performance Prediction GNSS RAIM/RNP Prediction Tool 6

The GPS Timeline GPS Initial Approval December st GPS Satellite Launched KAL 007 Shot Down 1 st Gulf War SA Switched Off 2 nd Gulf War L2C L5 GPS Fully Operational July 1995

How does GPS work? 8

Multiple Satellites for Position 9

Error Sources 10 Error SourceGPS Error (m) Ephemeris1 to 3 Ionosphere1 to 7 Troposphere0.1 to 0.5 Multi-path0.5 to 1.5 Satellite Clock1 to 2 Receiver Noise0.2 to 0.3

Agenda About DW International Basic GNSS Principles Navigation System Performance – RNP RAIM on the Ground - Performance Prediction GNSS RAIM/RNP Prediction Tool 11

Navigation System Performance - RNP Traditionally “box-based” Mandatory equipment Performance not specified explicitly Move towards Required Navigation Performance or Performance-Based Navigation Operator can meet requirements in ‘anyway he pleases’ e.g. with GPS Goal: Target Level of Safety Risk of leaving containment area distributed amongst: Accuracy Integrity Continuity Availability 12

Navigation System Performance - Accuracy 13

Accuracy: Lateral 14

Accuracy: Geometry 15

Accuracy: Geometry 16

Navigation System Performance - Integrity 17

Navigation System Performance - Continuity 18

Continuity Continuity risk is the probability of a detected but unscheduled navigation function interruption after an operation has been initiated RAIM: detected failure causes loss of continuity - but preserves integrity 19

Navigation System Performance - Availability 20

Agenda About DW International Basic GNSS Principles Navigation System Performance – RNP RAIM on the Ground - Performance Prediction GNSS RAIM/RNP Prediction Tool 21

RAIM on Ground - Performance Prediction Average (expected) performance depends mainly on Geometry (time-varying) Measurement quality (constant) Satellite failure rate (constant) Geometry is predictable Expected performance is predictable Prediction does not include effect of real-time events Sudden satellite failures Can be performed on the ground as a pre-flight check 22

RAIM (integrity) Holes 23

Agenda About DW International Basic GNSS Principles Navigation System Performance – RNP RAIM on the Ground - Performance Prediction GNSS RAIM/RNP Prediction Tool 24

GRPS : On-Demand Service GRPS = GNSS RAIM / RNP Prediction Service Web interface and automated XML interface Current website implementation for GPS constellation only Future implementation for other GNSS to meet demand e.g. GLONASS, Galileo, COMPASS Fully integrated XML solution for Airlines Air Navigation Data Providers Flight planning companies Both do RAIM predictions down to 0.1 NM 25

RAIM in Aviation: ICAO RNP Requirements 26

GRPS Dynamic and flexible Tailorable to the requirements of the data provider and their client base High load capacity, high availability Hosted in professional data centres, load-balanced Includes planned and short-notice outage information Latest constellation almanacs and NANUs supplied by the US Coastguard All calculations are performed in real time and not on a pre-calculated grid Routes and Airports capability 27

GRPS: On-Demand Service Both services support both RAIM prediction algorithms common in GPS devices: Fault Detection (FD): Used by traditional RAIM to detect faults (differences between a satellite’s pseudo range measurement and its expected value) Minimum 5 satellites in view Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE): Used by newer GPS receivers to allow continued operation in the presence of a GPS failure Minimum 6 satellites in view Baro aided, SA on/off, mask angle, etc Avionic specifics for RNP AR 28

Architecture 29

GRPS: Comparison with AUGUR 30 AUGURDWI GRPS Coverage AreaECAC Airspace OnlyGlobal Constellation Status CheckYes Constellation Visibility CheckYes Aerodrome Check RAIM Only Terminal: 1.0 NM NPA: 0.3 NM RAIM and RNP NPA: 0.3 NM Terminal: 1.0 NM En-route: 2.0 NM MNPS RNAV5 RNP10: 10 NM RNP4: 4 NM RNP(AR): NM Route RAIM Check RAIM Only En-route: 2.0 NM Terminal: 1.0 NM RAIM and RNP NPA: 0.3 NM Terminal: 1.0 NM En-route: 2.0 NM MNPS RNAV5 RNP10: 10 NM RNP4: 4 NM RNP(AR): NM Max. Fidelity of RAIM/RNP PredictionNPA 0.3 NMRNP(AR) 0.1 NM Configurable Receiver Parameters C129-FD C145/146-FDE Baro / Non-Baro Aided C129-FD/FDE, SA On/Off C145/146-FDE, SA Off Baro / Non-Baro Aided RAIM/RNP Calculations Compliant with ICAO PBN Manual PartialYes Aeronautical Data Provider Jeppesen ( Possible move to Eurocontrol’s EAD in 2012) Jeppesen GPS Constellation Data ProviderUSCG

GRPS Web Access 31 Customisable – e.g. ICAO SAM Region

Eurocontrol 32

Web Tools AUGUR Web-based RAIM Prediction Tool SAFIRE Web-based, secure communications Frequency Management Tool Final Approach Segment Database (FAS DB) Final Approach Segment Data Block Tool – Web- based Tool to generate CRC values 33

RNAV Validation Tool Desktop ground RNAV Procedure Validation application PANS-OPS criteria Flyability Noise contours Fuel Flow Emissions 34

GNSS Performance Monitoring System GPMS Allows users to comply with ICAO Guidance – Annex 10 Requires Monitoring and Recording of GNSS Data as Navigation Aids and for incident investigation Localised GNSS Receivers Wide Area RAIM Prediction GNSS NOTAMS for State ANSP and Airspace users Ionospheric data collection and alerting 35 GNSS Performance Monitoring System

36 Incheon International Airport, Seoul, Korea Hong Kong International Aiport GNSS Performance Monitoring System

37 GNSS Performance Monitoring System

Obrigado - Any questions? 38