1. PBN Performance Based Navigation
Implementation Challenges -
ICAO Performance Symposium
March 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration
Presented by: Lex Hendriks, EUROCONTROL
Copyright 2006 EUROCONTROL

2. Overview Safety Case Why needed Application to PBN Data integrity
WGS 84
Surveying
Maintaining data quality

3. Safety Cases - When and Why
When a significant change is going to be made to and operation, service and/or system
To confirm that the resulting system:
Is safe
Can Remain safe
and
Can be implemented safely

4. Safety Assessment Considerations (1)
Aircraft Performance
Normal performance: Lateral accuracy - navigation specifications
Non-Normal Performance:
RNAV system failures,
“blunder” errors e.g. wrong route selection
Are single systems allowed – what happens if it fails
Is RNP required – if not how to detect position errors?
Identify mitigations e.g.
Crew procedure and training,
Surveillance or additional separation.

5. Safety Assessment Considerations (2)
Infrastructure Navigation aids
impact of failure
Single Navaid – eg DME
Loss of GNSS over large area (eg Jamming)
Mitigations
Radar
Increased separation
Requirement for carriage of backup

6. Safety Assessment Considerations (3)
Infrastructure – Comms, Surveillance.
Important factor determining route spacing
Consider
Coverage
Redundancy
Effectivity
ATC Workload
Nature of comms

7. Overview Safety Case Why needed Application to PBN Data integrity
WGS 84
Surveying
Maintaining data quality

8. The Problem Identified
ANSP
(AIS) DB
Providers
Aircraft
Operators
AIP
ADB/DB
If unclear or ambiguous
procedure description
Aircraft fly
different tracks
Lack of Integrity

9. Example of Data Coding
NAV

10. Example of Data Coding
NAV

11. An Example of a Chart Error? .5 .5 .4 .4 .3 .3 .2 .2 .1 .1 .0
50º 31’.0

12. Tailoring Requirements
Who is Involved?
Communications
Service
Provider
Aerodrome
Air Traffic
Procedure
& Airspace
Designer
Aeronautical
Information
End Users
NOTAM
AIP
FMS
Data Applications
Flight Planning
End
Users
Simulator
Navigation Data
Tailoring Requirements
Navigation
Data
Processor
Other
Government
Sources
RNVREQ_1097

13. Navigation Data Process
Collect
Process
Publish
Distribute
Basic
Data
Sources
Users
Every player must establish a Navigation Data Process in order to ensure the quality of data delivered to the users
RNVREQ_1101

14. Data Chain Processes and Standards
Origination
Derive and Publish
eg States’ AIPs
State’s Responsibility
Preparation by Data Service Provider
Receive
Assemble
Translate
Select
Format
Distribute
DO-201A/ED-77
Application Integration
Link to target equipment in required format
DO-200A/ED-76
End Use
Load and Maintain current cycle
DO-200A/ED-76
DO-178B/ED-12B
JARs

15. Data Exchange after Publication in AIC
Jeppesen - DE
EAG - UK
Jeppesen - US
Data Houses
Lufthansa Systems - CH
FMS Packed Data
CMC Canada
Rockwell
Garmin
Smiths
Honeywell
Data Packers
Compiled Data

16. What is Data Quality? Quality is ability to meet requirements
Characterised by:
Accuracy
Resolution
Assurance Level
Traceability
Timeliness
Completeness
Format
RNVREQ_1100

17. Managing Data What is Data Integrity?
Exchange
The assurance that a data item retrieved from a storage system has not been changed since the original data entry or latest authorised amendment
Data
Same?
Data
RS56869_1005

18. ICAO Requirements Critical (10-8) Essential (10-5) Data Routine (10-3)
User requirements in ICAO Annex 15
Critical (10-8) Essential (10-5) Data Routine (10-3)
RS56869_1006

19. Some Specific Requirements
Data Configuration Management – know data origin and what has happened to it during its life
Software Tools Qualification – Tools validated to ensure they do what they should do
Quality Management – well defined procedures capable of ensuring quality
Compliance – do what the quality procedures require
Audit – demonstrate that they have been used
RNVREQ_1104

20. Issues to be Addressed
Survey – does it meet accuracy and integrity requirements
Is there means to guarantee that data not corrupted
RNAV coding – has the data house correctly interpreted the design?
Traceability – can you validate to confirm whether process working
RNVREQ_1105

21. Global Geodetic System Only accurate to 1-2 Metres
WGS 84
Global Geodetic System
Only accurate to 1-2 Metres
International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS)
Precise geodetic system : 1-3 cm over 5,000 km
Maintained by the International Earth Rotation Service
Addresses Plate Tectonic movements.
ITRF – globally distributed network with defined epoch (date), position and velocity

22. How to survey GPS Observation Techniques
Connection to the geodetic reference frame
Stations with defined ITRF coordinates
Control Stations
clear line of sight away
ensure no interference
Redundancy of data collection to allow validation
Hardware selection – e.g. impact of mixed receiver network – antenna phase centre differences etc.
Survey Marking

23. Surveys
What to Survey
Survey
Survey 20

24. Surveys
How to mark (Monumentation)

25. AFN/NAV/DAT/ORG/DOC001-150404
Data Origination
EUROCONTROL Guidance Material
Integrity of Aeronautical Information - Aeronautical Data Origination
AFN/NAV/DAT/ORG/DOC
Survey and procedure Design Requirements
FAA Guidance Material
FAA Specification 405 Standards for Aeronautical Surveys and Related Products
FAA Order Flight Procedures and Airspace

26. Requirements Addressed
Survey –WGS84
Training for designers
Software Tool Qualification
Data management
Quality Assurance
Verification of Procedure Designs
Publication
Validation tests
Flyabilty – under range of wind conditions for appropriate aircraft types
Navigation aid coverage