Results of the Industrial Revolution… ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, SOCIAL

ECONOMIC results: Factory system Mass production Higher standards of living

Modern Capitalism: (Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations) ◦ Basic Principles: ◦ “Laissez-Faire” Government/Economic Principles ◦ Private Ownership / Private Property

◦ Free Enterprise/Entrepreneurship ◦ Profit Motive ◦ Competition ◦ A ‘Free Market’ Economy based on Supply/Demand

Economic Results (continued) Rise of the Corporation, Big Business, and the Stock Market Government Regulation of Industries Economic Interdependence of Nations: (Global Economy / World Trade)

Economic Competition among Nations: (Markets/Raw Materials = Imperialism) Labor Problems/bad working conditions… ◦ Unions / Collective Bargaining / Picket / Strike

POLITICAL Results: Growth of Democracy / Suffrage rights (vocab) ◦ Rise of Middle and “Working” Class Informed Citizenry : ◦ Mass Media / Improved Communications Growth of Nationalism

Launched the Age of Imperialism… ◦ Raw Materials / Markets/Competition The Industrialized Nations became the world leaders by 1900: ◦ Great Britain ◦ U.S.A. ◦ Germany ◦ Japan

SOCIAL Results: A “Dynamic” Society… Increase in World Population Growth of Cities

Improved status of women Higher living standards Stimulus for Education

Humanitarianism / Philanthropy: ◦ Abolition of Slavery (1807- Britain, USA) ◦ Missionary Services ◦ International Red Cross ◦ Public Education ◦ Philanthropists: Nobel, Rhodes, Carnegie, Rockefeller, Ford

19 th Century developments in Science …(see charts/overheads) MEDICAL- cures/eradication of smallpox, yellow fever/malaria, germ theory, antiseptics, x-rays, psychology/psychiatry… GEOLOGY BIOLOGY/Botany/Cell Theory

GENETICS/Heredity Theory of Evolution- Charles Darwin Natural Selection/”Survival of the Fittest”

“Social Darwinism”-know/understand! (vocab) Also: Chemistry/Physics/Atomic Theory, Electricity…

Problems of Labor/Industrialization Labor discontent- low wages/long hours Child Labor- (ages 5+) Dangerous/unsafe working conditions

Workers lose jobs to machines- (technological unemployment) People began to relocate in search of work: Emigration/Immigration (vocab) These conditions will lead to REFORM movements…

Reform movements… Labor UNIONS… Collective bargaining Picket/Strike/Boycott

“Industrial Warfare”… (Workers vs. Employers) Proletariat vs. Bourgeoisie) All of this is according to Karl MARX…

Governments began to abandon ‘Laissez- Faire’ in Labor- related matters… This will be called SOCIAL Legislation Begins in England with the…

Factory Act of 1833 Mines Act of 1842 Then things like Social Security laws… Eventually Spreads to Germany, France, and eventually the US…

Movements to Displace Capitalism: SOCIALISM/COMMUNISM (Marxism): Socialists sought to reform society through government/economic changes… Robert Owen/Utopian Socialism (impractical-too idealistic/didn’t work)

Then: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write the Communist Manifesto in 1848… Called for a ‘working class’ Revolution… “Workers of the World Unite!” See charts/handouts/overheads…(time permitting)

Marxism/Socialism/Communism Marx envisioned a ‘classless’ society based upon his principles of Communism… Marxist ideas/principles: (see chart/overhead) Remember:

Socialism can be achieved democratically, or peacefully- at the ballot box…This is called ‘Democratic Socialism’ However, Communism can ONLY be achieved through Revolution/VIOLENCE!

Thus: the “Radical Left” = Communism, or Totalitarianism… Ex: Russian Revolution/USSR

Marx believed Socialism/Communism was inevitable and that Capitalism would eventually self-destruct… However, he was WRONG!

Capitalism would change/improve over time and incorporate many changes brought about by the Labor movement and governments who passed Social Legislation

So…Capitalism would become even better and stronger!