1. A Tale of Two Economists
Adam Smith & Karl Marx

2. Key Terms
Capitalism - an economic system in which the factors of productions are owned by private individuals (not the government)
Socialism - an economic system wherein the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all;
Communism - a form of complete socialism wherein the means of production are owned by the people

3. Laissez Fair Capitalism
“Let the People do as they please”
Individuals should be left free to pursue their own self-interests.
The role of government in the economy should be very limited to promoting free trade.

4. Adam Smith A Scottish professor of logic at the University of Glasgow
Considered “The Father of Modern Economics”
The Wealth of Nations, 1776

5. Smith’s Main Ideas, cont.
The Invisible Hand - The forces that guide a nation’s resources to their most efficient use and serve to regulate the economy.
Law of Self-Interest - People work for their own good.
Law of Competition - Competition between producers forces people to make better products
Law of Supply & Demand - Producers will produce goods at the a price consumers are willing to pay

6. Adam Smith, cont. Smith’s ideas about capitalism led him to oppose:
Government efforts to help poor workers
Minimum wage laws
Laws requiring better working conditions
…because he thought this would disrupt the free market system.

7. Karl Marx Born in what is now Germany, 1818
Relocated to England in 1849
Communist Manifesto, 1848
Written with fellow economist, Frederick Engels

8. Marx’s Philosophy
“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles”
The Haves vs. the Have-Nots
Internal tensions within the Capitalist system will eventually lead to its destruction.
Feudalism was replaced by Capitalism which will be replaced by Socialism and then Communism

9. Marx’s Philosophy cont.
The Haves = Bourgeoisie, the people who own the means of production (employers);
The Have-Nots - Proletariat, the workers (employees)
Over time, the Bourgeoisie will become richer and richer while the Proletariat become poorer and poorer.

10. Marx’s Philosophy cont.
REVOLUTION!!
Eventually, the Proletariat will revolt against the Bourgeoisie and will seize control of the means of production.
Violent revolution is inevitable and necessary.
Dictatorship of the Proletariat (Socialism) - workers control the government
Communism - The people will own the means of production collectively and private property will no longer exist - Everyone would be equal.

11. In the Words of Marx..
“The proletarians have nothing to loose but their chains. They have the world to gain. Workers of the world unite!”

12. Life After Marx
Factory workers began joining together to make changes:
Labor Unions - a groups of workers from the same industry who voluntarily join together to seek reform;
Strength in numbers
Unions negotiated for:
Better working conditions
Better wages
Governments soon stepped in to stop the abuses caused by industrialization