Preparing for the Civil War Cultural, Political, and Economic Gap between North and South

Current Political Tension Are there any correlations between current political tension and the tension that led to the Civil War? Are there any correlations between current political tension and the tension that led to the Civil War? Do you think a Civil War could occur today? Do you think a Civil War could occur today?

Historiography of Civil War How would each of the following schools of thought view the causes of the Civil War? How would each of the following schools of thought view the causes of the Civil War? - Progressivism - Liberalism - Liberalism - Republicanism - Republicanism - Multiculturalism - Multiculturalism

Growing Economic Differences- Overview North Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution Hired Labor Hired Labor Canals, Turnpikes, Railroads Canals, Turnpikes, Railroads Favored Tariffs and Protectionism Favored Tariffs and Protectionism South South Agrarian Society Agrarian Society Slave Labor Slave Labor Lack of infrastructure Lack of infrastructure Against Tariffs- Nullification argument Against Tariffs- Nullification argument

Cotton Production after the invention of Cotton Gin 1793

Ban on International Slave Trade Let the first of January, the day of the abolition of the slave trade in our country, be set apart in every year, as a day of publick thanksgiving for that mercy. Let the history of the sufferings of our brethren, and of their deliverance, descend by this means to our children, to the remotest generations. Let the first of January, the day of the abolition of the slave trade in our country, be set apart in every year, as a day of publick thanksgiving for that mercy. Let the history of the sufferings of our brethren, and of their deliverance, descend by this means to our children, to the remotest generations. A Thanksgiving sermon, preached January 1, 1808, in St. Thomas's (or the African Episcopal) Church, Philadelphia, by Absalom Jones

Slave Rebellions natturner/slave_rebellions.html natturner/slave_rebellions.html natturner/slave_rebellions.html natturner/slave_rebellions.html Constant fear in minds of South Constant fear in minds of South Plantation owners fear manumission / emancipation / abolition Plantation owners fear manumission / emancipation / abolition Demonstrates presence of religion, education, and organization amongst slaves Demonstrates presence of religion, education, and organization amongst slaves

Geographic Concentrations of Cotton Production

Concentration of enslaved populations in US

Slavery VS. Industrialism South Guiding Principles- “Benevolent Paternalism” Guiding Principles- “Benevolent Paternalism” Old Order- Feudalism Old Order- Feudalism Based off of Ancient philosophies - Aristotle Based off of Ancient philosophies - Aristotle King Cotton- lack of economic diversity = dependence on slavery King Cotton- lack of economic diversity = dependence on slaveryNorth Guiding Principles-Free market capitalism Guiding Principles-Free market capitalism New Order / Social Mobility New Order / Social Mobility Based off of Enlightenment philosophies- Smith Based off of Enlightenment philosophies- Smith Industrial Rev- growing economic diversity = demands for competition Industrial Rev- growing economic diversity = demands for competition

Result North and South want to expand their economic systems North and South want to expand their economic systems Both encourage strict adherence to principles Both encourage strict adherence to principles Carries over into political and social divisions between North and South Carries over into political and social divisions between North and South

Regional Infrastructure South Some railroad development Some railroad development Less access to paved roads Less access to paved roads Dependent on North and Europe Dependent on North and EuropeNorth Railroad boom beginning Railroad boom beginning Numerous paved roads and canals Numerous paved roads and canals Not as dependent on Europe Not as dependent on Europe

Result South fails to industrialize South fails to industrialize South lacks manufactured goods South lacks manufactured goods North and Northwest connected more North and Northwest connected more

Douglass Speech What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sound of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciation of tyrants brass fronted impudence; your shout of liberty and equality, hollow mockery; your prayers and hymns, your sermons and thanks-givings, with all your religious parade and solemnity, are to him, mere bombast, fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisy -- a thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices more shocking and bloody than are the people of the United States, at this very hour. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sound of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciation of tyrants brass fronted impudence; your shout of liberty and equality, hollow mockery; your prayers and hymns, your sermons and thanks-givings, with all your religious parade and solemnity, are to him, mere bombast, fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisy -- a thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices more shocking and bloody than are the people of the United States, at this very hour.

Political Differences North Federal Government Federal Government Free Soil Party Free Soil Party Abolitionists Abolitionists Republican Party Republican Party Death of Whigs Death of WhigsSouth States’ Rights States’ Rights Popular Sovereignty Popular Sovereignty Fire Eaters Fire Eaters Nullification Nullification Divisions in Democratic Party Divisions in Democratic Party

Ineffective Presidents Zachary Taylor Whig (dies in office) Zachary Taylor Whig (dies in office) Millard Fillmore Whig Millard Fillmore Whig Franklin Pierce Democratic Franklin Pierce Democratic James Buchanan Democratic James Buchanan Democratic 1848 and Free Soil Candidate Know Nothing or Nativist Candidate

Compromise of 1850 CA free state CA free state Other territories from Mexico- popular sovereignty Other territories from Mexico- popular sovereignty Wash D.C. end of slave trade Wash D.C. end of slave trade Fugitive Slave Fugitive Slave Challenges Missouri Compromise Challenges Missouri Compromise

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 Negates Missouri Compromise Negates Missouri Compromise Unofficial deal Nebraska Free and Kansas slave Unofficial deal Nebraska Free and Kansas slave Popular Sovereignty= Bleeding of Kansas Popular Sovereignty= Bleeding of Kansas Lecompton Constitution Controversy Lecompton Constitution Controversy

Dred Scott Court Case 1857 Dred Scott lived in Free State / Territory moved to slave state Dred Scott lived in Free State / Territory moved to slave state Supreme Court ruled against Scott Supreme Court ruled against Scott Supreme Court determines slaves are property not citizens Supreme Court determines slaves are property not citizens Congress cannot make laws about slavery Congress cannot make laws about slavery Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and Kansas Nebraska Act - unconstitutional Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and Kansas Nebraska Act - unconstitutional

Panic of 1857 Financial Crisis in North Financial Crisis in North Speculation bottoms out Speculation bottoms out Grain surplus Grain surplus South protected by cotton industry South protected by cotton industry South becomes more confident of economic independence South becomes more confident of economic independence

John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry 1859 Brown led a raid on armory Brown led a raid on armory Failed slave rebellion Failed slave rebellion Executed for Treason Executed for Treason Enraged North and South (for different reasons) Enraged North and South (for different reasons)

Lincoln Douglass Debates

Election of 1860

Election of 1860 Consequences Lincoln wins close election Lincoln wins close election Divisions help Lincoln Divisions help Lincoln South is ready for Secession South is ready for Secession

Cultural Differences North Socially Diverse Socially Diverse Protestant Protestant Work Ethic Work Ethic Valued Labor Valued LaborSouth Aristocracy Aristocracy “Heirs to European Society” “Heirs to European Society” Ancient Republics’ negative view of labor Ancient Republics’ negative view of labor