Researche done by : Adelina Patraus Clayton Soares Fábio Vitória Class - 12ºC1 Teacher : Anabela Florêncio 1

Definition of immigration Migration is the result of individual or family decisions and it is also part of a social process. However, in flows of populations, migration refers to movement into a certain country, region or city. 2

Factors that led to this movement Weak economic growth; Unequal income distribution; Overcrowding (one strong population growth in some countries); High unemployment rates; Armed conflicts and ethnic cleansing; Violations of human rights and persecution; Natural disasters (environmental degradation) 3

Impact of immigration in Portugal Positive aspects: Immigrants stimulate international trade and contribute to improve the trade deficit in Portugal Economic growth Rejuvenation of population Increase activity of mafia crime Rising unemployment 4

Possible Drawbacks Acculturation and loss of cultural identity Ethnicity, prejudice, discrimination, ethnocentrism, xenophobia and racism Increased activity of mafia crime ● Rising unemployment

6 Is the Portuguese culture affected to the income of immigrants? YesNo * Question applied to the Portuguese population between 15 and 30 years old

7 Is the Portuguese culture affected to the income of immigrants? Yes No * Question applied to the Portuguese population between 31 and 45 years old

8 Is the Portuguese culture affected to the income of immigrants? Yes No * The same question applied to the Portuguese population older than 45 years

9 Yes No Less than in the past * Question applied to the Portuguese population between 15 and 30 years old

10 Is there prejudice towards race or nationality in the 21st century? Yes No Less than in the past * Question applied to the Portuguese population between 31 and 45 years old

11 Is there prejudice towards race or nationality in the 21st century? Yes No Less than in the past * The same question applied to the Portuguese population older than 45 years

Nationalities and number of immigrants in Portugal There are 175 million migrants in the world (3% of the world population). According to 2003 data, the number of legal immigrants in Portugal stood at around 438,699. This figure continued to rise over the years and now it represents about 5% of the Portuguese population. 12

Immigration seen from several viewpoints Demographic Economic Cultural Educational 13

Demographic point of view The arrival of immigrants and the birth of children in the Portuguese territory led to the rejuvenation. 14

Economic point of view Cheap labour Unemployment Decrease in deficit (difference between revenue and expenditure) Economic growth 15

Cultural point of view Confrontation problems between cultures (discrimination, racism) 16

Acculturation (loss of their own culture by both Portuguese and foreigners) loss of cultural identity Ethnicity - prejudice, discrimination Ethnocentrism - racism and xenophobia 17

From the educational point of view In Portugal, there are more than 89,540 immigrant students 18

19 Do you agree immigrants should attend school? Yes No * Question applied to the Portuguese population between 15 and 30 years old

20 Do you agree immigrants should attend school? Yes No * The same question applied to the Portuguese population between 31 and 45 years old

21 * The same question applied to the Portuguese older than 45 Do you agree immigrants should attend school? Yes No

As we know, the biggest problem of immigrant pupils is to learn Portuguese. For a better Integration of these students, we concluded that it is necessary: Once immigrant students once they arrive at school, they should do a diagnoses evaluation, in order to establish an individual plan of support so as to facilitate their integration; The childhood educators and teachers should promote learning of the mother tongue and pay special attention to the integration and exchange of knowledge, though respecting the original culture. 22

Their integration should be based on intercultural education, establishing a dialogue between the student and the culture of the host country. The intercultural education should be in a transversal way, for example, including some subjects in thecurricula, but also introducing it into school life. 23

Immigrant students from our school In our school, there are students from 20 different countries (besides Portugal) and, on the whole, they are 50 students.* *We excluded all students who, although aliens, were born in Portugal or arrived here very young. 24

25 Number of immigrants

26 Is it necessary to establish a student office to support children of immigrants? Yes No

Os imigrantes não vivem, sobrevivem, não ganham dinheiro, poupam, não se alimentam, matam a fome, não são, sonham”. Immigrants do not live, they survive; they do not make money, they save it; they do not eat, they kill hunger; they don’t exist, they dream " “Lisboetas”-Sérgio Tréfaut Our site: 27