Bellringer SOL Challenge Have out your timeline and map from last class! Review Questions (we’ll do them together) When did the Germans invade Poland? What was the significance of the Battle of Britain? What was Operation Barbarossa? What was the significance of the bombing of Pearl Harbor? BJOTD: What do you call Robin Hood’s mom? Events for Timeline:

Agenda SOL Challenge Review Notes Timeline/Map SOL Wrap-Up Cake Project!

World War II: 1942-1945

European Theatre

North Africa After Pearl Harbor, Allies decide to open a 2nd front in Africa, not France against the Axis Powers Angers Stalin Nazis push the Allies back in August of 1942 Battle of El-Alamein, 23 October – 5 November 1942 Allied victory against Rommel’s Axis forces Operation Torch November 8th, 1942: Allied forces land behind Rommel’s troops and wipe out the Afrika Korps Allies led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower

Battle of Stalingrad Hitler wanted to control the industrial center at Stalingrad Began August 23, 1942 By early November, the Germans controlled 90% of the city Soviets counterattack, cutting the Germans off from their supplies and starving them through the winter February 2, 1943: 90,000 frostbitten and starved Germans out of the original 300,000 surrender to the Soviets

Battle of the Atlantic On-going from 1941-1943 German U-boats vs. Allied shipping convoys Goal for Germany: cut off Great Britain from its supplies After 2 convoys are sunk, Allies respond by having planes fly escort for convoys Allies win, but at a cost: 3,500 merchant ships, 175 warships lost Germans only lost 783 U-boats

Operation Overlord Plan: to invade Normandy, France from across the English Channel on June 6, 1944 (D-Day) Largest land and sea attack in history Commander: General Dwight Eisenhower Allied forces landed on 5 different beaches along the coast of France Utah, Juno, Sword, Gold, Omaha Allies took heavy casualties (10,000), but held the beaches This victory gave the Allies a base from which to continue marching towards Germany

Battle of the Bulge As the Allies moved in from France, the Soviets moved in from the East and the Germans were getting desperate Hitler decided to counterattack in the West December 16, 1944: Hitler sent his German tanks through a weak spot in the American defense in the Ardennes Allies eventually pushed back and won, forcing the Germans into retreat

Germany Surrenders Unconditionally By late March of 1945: Allies crossed the Rhine River into Germany By April 25, 1945: Soviets surrounded the capital city of Berlin from the East Hitler committed suicide on May 1, 1945 May 7, 1945: General Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of Germany Unconditional surrender: surrendering without making any demands or pleas President Roosevelt had died on April 12; President Truman received the news of the surrender

Pacific Theatre

Battle of the Coral Sea Fought in May, 1942 when an American fleet intercepted a Japanese strike force on its way to Australia Both fleets of ships faced each other and fought without firing a single shot Battle fought by air Battle was a draw Allies lost more ships than the Japanese, BUT Allies STOPPED Japanese southward expansion

Battle of Midway Japan’s next target was the island of Midway Americans had broken the Japanese intelligence code, and knew they were coming June 4, 1942: Allies launched a surprise attack, destroying over 300 Japanese planes as they waited to take off from carriers Battle ended by June 6, 1942 with a Japanese retreat Marked the turning of the tide of the war in the Pacific

Battle of Guadalcanal Commander of the Pacific: General Douglas MacArthur Strategy: to “island-hop” past the strong Japanese bases to get himself closer to Japan itself, then cut supply lines Battle of Guadalcanal: August 7, 1942-February 1943 Fight over the Soloman Islands in the Pacific Japanese stayed until they lost 23,000 out of 36,000 men, then retreated from the islands

The Dropping of the Atomic Bomb Island-hopping continued through 1945 Japanese lost the battle of Leyte Gulf and Iwo Jima Next stop for the Allied forces: Japan Truman had a choice: Invade Japan or Bomb Japan Invading might cost .5 million Allied lives while atomic bombing would lose only Japanese lives Truman decides to drop the bomb

First Bomb: Little Boy Second Bomb: Fat Man Dropped on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945 73,000 perished in attack Second Bomb: Fat Man Dropped on Nagasaki, Japan on August 9, 1945 37,500 died in attack

Japan Surrenders September 2, 1945: Japanese surrender to General Douglas MacArthur WWII officially over

Directions for Timeline Place the events from today on the timeline given to you Recommendation: put the events from Europe on one side, and from the Pacific on the other Label the event, date it, and write 1 sentence with its importance/significance If you finish early, have me check it, then try and place the events on the map from last class