CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Turn to your partner: From your knowledge of Imperialism which of the FIVE motivations of Imperialism would you predict are present in the Imperialism of Africa.

WHY AFRICA

Economic Interests Slave trade was abolished and the industrial revolution meant that people needed raw materials for factories. Africa had plenty of land and plenty of resources.

Political Interests As each European country began to obtain land in Africa, the other Nationalistic European countries would try to obtain land to keep their competition in check. Belief = The more colonies you have, the more respect you will receive

Cultural Interests Europeans felt superior to non- Europeans This justified their rule in Africa Their noble duty was to educate and to civilize the Africans

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Turn to your partner: After learning the things that interested European nations to colonize Africa, where any of your predictions correct. Explain

THE SCRAMBLE

In the 1870s the Belgians began to trade with Africans in the Congo. King Leopold Fearing they would miss out on various raw materials, the other European nations scrambled to establish their presence on the continent.

Berlin Conference (1884): European countries decided they could claim African colonies just by setting up government offices in African territory. This set off a Great Scramble as Europeans rushed to colonize Africa. Why???

Who is missing from this picture??? Europeans: Carving up a Continent

In 1884, to avoid conflict amongst themselves, European leaders met at the Berlin Conference to set up rules for colonizing Africa. No Africans were invited. Berlin Conference

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Oldest Partner: Justify why it was ok not to allow Africans at the Berlin Conference Youngest Partner: Justify why it wasn’t ok not to allow Africans at the Berlin Conference

The European powers agreed that before they could claim territory they would have to set up an outpost. Whoever was the first to build the outpost gained that area of land. Berlin Conference

Britain Europeans In Africa By 1914

France Europeans In Africa By 1914

Germany Europeans In Africa By 1914

Italy Europeans In Africa By 1914

Belgium Europeans In Africa By 1914

Portugal Europeans In Africa By 1914

Spain Europeans In Africa By 1914

CONFLICTS

Many Africans fought back: “I have listened to your words but can find no reason why I should obey you – I would rather die first… If you desire friendship, then I am ready for it, today and always. But I cannot be your subject. If you desire war, then I am ready.” -Chief Machemba (1890) What do you think happened?

Cape Colony In the mid-1600s, Dutch farmers known as Boers settled in southern Africa in Cape Colony. The became rich off of ivory. The Boers Cape Town Cape Colony AFRICA

In the late 1800s, the discovery of gold and diamonds in the northern Boer territory set off the Anglo-Boer war. The war was from and involved bitter guerrilla fighting. The British won, but at a great cost. The Anglo-Boer War British Boers

British Boers

The Zulus In the early 1800s in southern Africa, an African leader named Shaka conquered and united tribes to form the Zulu nation. Zulu Nation Cape Town Cape Colony Shaka Zulu

The Zulus The Zulus were skilled and organized fighters. Shaka used his power and fought against European slave traders and ivory hunters.

The Anglo-Zulu War In 1879 the Zulus wiped out a British force at the battle of Isandlwana.

However, it was not long before the superior weaponry of the British overtook the Zulus at the battle of Rorke’s Drift. The Anglo-Zulu War

Remember? “Whatever happens, we have got the Maxim gun, and they have not.” When Africans rebelled, Europeans killed thousands of Yao, Zulu, Asante, Shona, Herero, and Maji-Maji people. Ethiopia was the only exception…

Victory Emperor Menelik II modernized the army, along with roads, bridges, and schools. When the Italians invaded they were defeated so badly by Menelik that no other Europeans tried to take Ethiopia.

Britain France Germany Italy Portugal Belgium Spain Europeans In Africa By 1914

Ethiopia

Independent Africans The Ethiopians kept their freedom through a successful military resistance. Emperor Menelik II modernized the army, along with roads, bridges, and schools. When the Italians invaded they were defeated so badly by Menelik that no other Europeans tried to take Ethiopia.

Liberia

After the slave trade was outlawed, abolitionists in the United States promoted the idea of returning freed slaves to Africa. Independent Africans In the early 1800s, President Monroe helped free slaves settle in Liberia. The former slaves named the capital city Monrovia in his honor. President Monroe

Positive ResultsNegative Results 1. Unified national states created1. Encouraged tribal wars by creating artificial borders 2. Improved medical care, sanitation, and nutrition 2. Created population explosion  famine 3. Increased agricultural production 3. Produced cash crops needed by Europeans, and not food for Africans 4. Improved transportation and communication facilities 4. Exploited natural resources: minerals, lumber, rubber, human rights. 5. Expanded educational opportunities 5. Downgraded traditional African culture  westernization

Extended Response Is Imperialism a positive or a negative; overall? 3 Paragraphs (3 Examples)