The Protists You will be able to explain how protists are similar and different than other the pathogens.

Review: Prokaryote (Bacteria Cell) Can Not See Nucleus Can Not See Nucleus Much smaller than Eukaryote cells Much smaller than Eukaryote cells No visible organelles No visible organelles Contains DNA and RNA Contains DNA and RNA

Eukaryote Cells: Protists and Fungi Much larger Much larger Can See Nucleus (Brain of Cell) and organelles Can See Nucleus (Brain of Cell) and organelles Complex cell can do more than Prokayotes Complex cell can do more than Prokayotes Has Specialized Functions in multi-cellular organisms Has Specialized Functions in multi-cellular organisms Contains DNA and RNA Contains DNA and RNA DNA mainly in nucleus DNA mainly in nucleus

Protist Characteristics Much larger than bacteria and viruses Much larger than bacteria and viruses Most Heterotrophs- need food source Most Heterotrophs- need food source Made up of eukaryote cells— You can see nucleus and organelles (unlike prokaryote bacteria) Made up of eukaryote cells— You can see nucleus and organelles (unlike prokaryote bacteria) Most unicellular but some are multi-cellular Most unicellular but some are multi-cellular Only found in moist environments (water) Only found in moist environments (water) Reproduce using Fission (cloning/asexual) and Fussion (conjucation/sexual) Reproduce using Fission (cloning/asexual) and Fussion (conjucation/sexual) Amoeba Nucleus Psuedopodia

Protist Pathogens: Ameoba Protist Pathogens: Ameoba Eukaryote- can See organelles and Nucleus Eukaryote- can See organelles and Nucleus Move with Pseudopodia Move with Pseudopodia Found in bottom in the sediment of most water systems Found in bottom in the sediment of most water systems Engulfs food by surrounding it Engulfs food by surrounding it Causes diseases such as malaria, and dysentery and rare form eats brain of humans! Causes diseases such as malaria, and dysentery and rare form eats brain of humans! Nucleus Pseudopodia

Protist Pathogens: Trypanosomes Eukaryote- can See Nucleus and organelles Eukaryote- can See Nucleus and organelles Insect borne (Vectors) pathogens Insect borne (Vectors) pathogens Feed off of Human Blood Cells or Nervous Cells Feed off of Human Blood Cells or Nervous Cells Most Fatal Most Fatal Red Tide

Protist Close up Eukaryote- can see Nucleus and organelles Eukaryote- can see Nucleus and organelles Trypansomes have long tail called flagellum Trypansomes have long tail called flagellum Ameobas do Not have Flagellum Ameobas do Not have Flagellum

Protist or Protozoans: 4 Basic Traits Most Animal like Most Animal like Lack cell walls and most heterotrophic Lack cell walls and most heterotrophic Move with cilia, pseudopodia (little feet) or flagellum Move with cilia, pseudopodia (little feet) or flagellum Found mainly in water Found mainly in water Cause Diseases such as Malaria and Dysentery Cause Diseases such as Malaria and Dysentery Malaria video Malaria video Malaria video Malaria video

Closing of Microlife How do we protect ourselves from these pathogens? How do we protect ourselves from these pathogens? Virus Virus Bacteria Bacteria Protists Protists Mold/Fungi Mold/Fungi What type of medicines work against them? What type of medicines work against them? Vaccines Vaccines Antibiotics Antibiotics Chlorine in water Chlorine in water Antifungal medicines Antifungal medicines

What makes pathogens dangerous? Fact One: Fact One: How easily it spreads from organism to organism (person to person) How easily it spreads from organism to organism (person to person) Fact Two: Fact Two: How rapidly can the Pathogen reproduce itself How rapidly can the Pathogen reproduce itself

Preventing Spread of Disease Active Immunity- your body is producing antibodies to fight it off. (Vaccine or prior exposure) Active Immunity- your body is producing antibodies to fight it off. (Vaccine or prior exposure) Passive Immunity- you are injected with antibodies from another organism to fight it off; allows time for your body to find and make antibodies before you become ill Passive Immunity- you are injected with antibodies from another organism to fight it off; allows time for your body to find and make antibodies before you become ill

Biotechnology Biotechnology- use of living organisms to produce products for human use. Products can be such as genetically altered food such as milk, corn, and tomatoes Piggybacked viruses, using a harmless virus to produce capsid of a more harmful one. Idea is that harmless virus will makes “protein coat” of harmful one so that your body could make antibodies for the “bad one”