Basic concept and evolution of tourist destination and attraction Pertemuan 1-2 Matakuliah: G1174/Tourism Management and Planning Tahun: 2007

Bina Nusantara Topics Definition Characteristic of tourism Tourist industry life cycle The evolution of tourist destination

Bina Nusantara Objectives 1. To identify the terms used in tourist destination and attraction 2. To explain the importance of destination and attraction in the tourist industry

Bina Nusantara Terminology Tourism and tourists: What is tourism? – Tourists: International and Domestic – Excursionists, day visitors – Visits, nights and trips Tourism purposes: – Leisure – Business travel Related concepts: – Travel and tourism Types of tourism: – Domestic – Inbound – Outbound

Bina Nusantara Concept – Tourism, the Tourist and Travel Tourism is defined as the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. Tourism refers to all activities of visitors, including both ‘tourist’ (overnight visitors) and ‘same-day visitors’. Tourism

Bina Nusantara Classification of tourist Source: Page (2007)

Bina Nusantara Concept – Wisata, Wisatawan and Pariwisata Wisata adalah kegiatan perjalanan atau sebagian dari kegiatan tersebut yang dilakukan secara sukarela serta bersifat sementara untuk menikmati objek dan daya tarik wisata Wisatawan adalah orang yang melakukan kegiatan wisata Pariwisata adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan wisata, termasuk pengusahaan objek dan daya tarik wisata serta usaha-usaha yang terkait di bidang tersebut UU RI no.9 tahun 1990

Bina Nusantara Basic Tourism System Source: Leiper (1990) Environments: Human, socio-cultural, economical, technological, physical, political, legal, etc. Environments: Human, socio-cultural, economical, technological, physical, political, legal, etc. TravellerGeneratingRegion TouristDestinationRegion Transit Region Returning Departing Location of travellers, tourists and of the travel and tourism industry TransitRegion

Bina Nusantara Elements of Tourism System Three basic elements of Tourism System 1. The tourist is the actor in the system. 2. Geographical elements – Traveller-generating region, Tourist destination region and Transit route region. 3. The tourism sector as a range of businesses and organisations involved in delivering the tourism product.

Bina Nusantara Tourism Enriches

Bina Nusantara Characteristic of Tourism Tourism product as a service product: Intangiable Perishable Inseparable Seasonality No-pre test Tourism products represent in heterogenity but high value purchase Tourism products can be sold individually and can be combined in composite products Customers can have very high expectations of the products (difficult to control) Destination exists at a number of geographical levels Tourist can not own the element of product Product only consume in situ The use of sophisticated brand loyalty schemes to retain customers in competitive markets TOURISM

Bina Nusantara A Framework of Tourism Management Source: Page (2007) Destination

Bina Nusantara Evolution of Tourism Management Tourism is developed for various reasons. The main purposes: to generate economic benefits to serve as a catalyst for development of other sectors to help pay for and justify infrastructures to serve general community needs Tourism also generates problems: loss of potential economic benefits distortion environment degradation loss of cultural identity cross-cultural misunderstanding reinforcing prejudices

Bina Nusantara The importance of tourism management Tourism managed is necessary for the following reasons: Tourism is a relatively new type of activities in many areas Tourism is complicated, multi-sectoral and fragmented activities Tourism is about selling an experience and there must be careful matching of demand and supply Tourism brings direct and indirect impacts Tourism generates various socio-cultural benefits and problems Form of tourism changes through time, planning is used to upgrade and revitalise the development Tourism development requires manpower skill and capabilitiesmust be appropriate through education and training

Bina Nusantara Destination and Attraction Destinations are larger area that include a number of individual attractions together with the support services required by tourists. Attractions are generally a single unit, individual sites or very small, easily delimited geographical areas based on a single key feature. Both have a strong link, the existence of a major attraction tends to stimulate the development of destination. Once the destination is growing other secondary attractions often spring up to exploit the market.

Bina Nusantara The Importance of Tourist Destination and Attraction They are The main motivator for tourist trips The core of tourism product Without tourist destination and attraction, there would be no need for other tourism services.

Bina Nusantara Source: Swarbrooke (1997) The Development of Tourist Destination

Bina Nusantara Conclusion The new millenium has witnessed the vast growth of interest in how people spend their spare time. Therefore, tourism is now assuming a major role in the lives of people which is very complex and complicated. It is not only embraced by various people as a new trend, but also it is an activity which has a unique characteristic feature. Indeed, tourism as such would not exist if it were not for destination.