Finding the payoff in reducing risks Northwest Hydropower Association February 2013 Bill Christman, PE Engineering Services manager Chelan County PUD Wenatchee, WA

Earthquake Cyprus Street Viaduct – Loma Prieta earthquake Lack of anti-burst wrapping Lack of connection between upper and lower vertical elements

Hurricane Flooding in New York from Hurricane Sandy Buildings in known flood zone – mapped before the storm

Dam failure Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydro-electric Dam, Russia Missing head cover bolts (known) 41 of 49 bolts recovered had fatigue cracks 10 years of increasing machine vibration

Stadium collapse University of Washington Sequencing oversight in demolition – “tiny” wires removed too soon

Bridge collapse Tacoma Narrows Bridge Budget problems Known weaknesses

Bridge collapse I-35W Bridge in Minneapolis, Minn Shop drawing gusset plate omission New load w/o verifying demand/capacity ratio

Bridge collapse Lacey V. Murrow Floating Bridge across Lake Washington – 1960, above, and today, right. Manhole covers left open Big storm causes internal flooding

Sound practice Rocky Reach Dam, Columbia River, WA Post-Folsom spill gate risk reduction: Monitoring and good response to spill gate bearing wear

Sound practice Rock Island Dam, Columbia River, WA Monitoring and response to increased uplift (Decrease in foundation drainage)

Space Needle Seattle, Wash – designed & built to withstand: 200 mph winds Magnitude 9.1 earthquake Center of gravity is 5 feet above ground level Sound practice

The higher the risk, the higher the cost No ownership in the results No link to culture and institutional knowledge