WHAT DO ALL OF THESE PLANTS HAVE IN COMMON?

Energy for Life All living things require energy to grow and reproduceAll living things require energy to grow and reproduce They get that energy by making it, eating it, or absorbing itThey get that energy by making it, eating it, or absorbing it

Glucose Most living things on Earth break down glucose to get their energyMost living things on Earth break down glucose to get their energy –Autotrophs (plants) use a process called photosynthesis to make glucose –Heterotrophs (animals) eat and then digest food to produce glucose

Glucose Glucose is a monosaccharide which means one sugarGlucose is a monosaccharide which means one sugar There are many different models to describe glucoseThere are many different models to describe glucose

Energy for Life Plants provide food for the entire planet but theyPlants provide food for the entire planet but they provide 90% of Earth’s oxygenprovide 90% of Earth’s oxygen filter out carbon dioxidefilter out carbon dioxide Why is it important to save trees?Why is it important to save trees?

Leaf Anatomy Sunlight can enter through the leaf’s surfaceSunlight can enter through the leaf’s surface For water and carbon dioxide to enter, and oxygen to exit, leaves need a “doorway”For water and carbon dioxide to enter, and oxygen to exit, leaves need a “doorway”

Leaf Anatomy StomataStomata –Openings in the underside of the leaf that act as doorways for raw materials and waste to enter and exit the leaf Usually open during the day and closed at nightUsually open during the day and closed at night

Plant Cell Nucleus Vacuole Golgi Body Chloroplast Lysosome Mitochondria Ribosomes Cell Wall Cell Membrane Nucleolus

chloro = plast = green small body chloroplast = green small body

Chloroplast Small, green body inside the plant cell where photosynthesis takes placeSmall, green body inside the plant cell where photosynthesis takes place Chloroplasts can move inside the plant cell to get closer to lightChloroplasts can move inside the plant cell to get closer to light

Pigments Chemical compounds that give things colorChemical compounds that give things color

Chlorophyll Green pigment found in plants where photosynthesis takes placeGreen pigment found in plants where photosynthesis takes place Plants can produce more chlorophyll when they get more sunlightPlants can produce more chlorophyll when they get more sunlight Chlorophyll reflects green light which makes plants appear greenChlorophyll reflects green light which makes plants appear green Photosynthesis only occurs in plant cells that have chloroplastsPhotosynthesis only occurs in plant cells that have chloroplasts

All plants with green areas can produce food through photosynthesis. Do you think anything else can use photosynthesis? photosynthetic bacteria photosynthetic plankton algae

Photosynthesis The process by which plants and some other organisms capture light energy and use it to make glucose from carbon dioxide and waterThe process by which plants and some other organisms capture light energy and use it to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water –Photo = –Synthesis = light putting together

Energy Conversion Through photosynthesis plants and some other organisms convertThrough photosynthesis plants and some other organisms convert radiant energy chemical energy radiant energy chemical energy (from the sun) (stored as glucose) and and energy (light) matter (plant)

Reactants Substance that enters into a chemical reactionSubstance that enters into a chemical reaction –Left side –Raw materials Carbon dioxide and water

Products Substance formed as a result of a chemical reactionSubstance formed as a result of a chemical reaction –Right side glucose and oxygen

Photosynthesis Equation 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 SunlightChlorophyll Reactants carbon dioxide water Products glucose oxygen

Glucose

Light Dependent Reactions Needs lightNeeds light Chlorophyll traps light energy that will eventually be stored as sugar (glucose)Chlorophyll traps light energy that will eventually be stored as sugar (glucose)

Light Independent Reactions Do not require light (night)Do not require light (night) Uses hydrogen left over from the light reactionsUses hydrogen left over from the light reactions Combines CO 2 and H 2 to make sugarCombines CO 2 and H 2 to make sugar

Light Independent Reactions Can plants use light independent reactions for long periods of time (weeks)?Can plants use light independent reactions for long periods of time (weeks)? How do you know?How do you know? These are your two warm up questions for the day. Write the answers in complete sentences on your warm up sheet.These are your two warm up questions for the day. Write the answers in complete sentences on your warm up sheet.