Industrialisation, Urbanisation and the family How the family has changed through history and why

Key terms

The family changed massively as a result of industrialisation and modernisation Industrialisation: Mass production of goods in factories. Modernisation: the social, cultural, political and economic changes that occurred ( religious belief systems being replaced by scientific ones.)

Pre – Industrialised Britain Kin based communities: A lineage or group of families who lived in a close knit community and worked together often on the land. Cottage Industries – Goods produced in the home by the family members. Usually the extended family Activity 8

ahg

The family performed many roles that the government now provides. Political function: punishment of individuals and setting of values. Education function: job training and teaching norms and values.

The industrial revolution The rapid development of machinery to mass produce goods in towns and cities. This revolution required a workforce to move to the towns and cities.

The main changes to the family after the industrial revolution 1. Workforce moved from cottage industry to industrial work in towns. 2. Home based businesses could not compete with the factories and closed down 3. Towns and cities grew in size Activity 11

aNBkvc&feature=related

Isolated nuclear family Because people moved into the towns and cottage industry and kin based societies stopped, the family changed. Industrial revolution led to the isolated nuclear family. Why did the family become nuclear? Loss of function Achieved status Geographic mobility P78-9

Not all sociologists believe that the nuclear family was a result of the industrial revolution Peter Laslett – Most families were nuclear BEFORE the industrial revolution He looked at Parish records from 1564 – 1821 and found that only 10% of people lived in extended families before the industrial revolution. How can Laslett’s study be criticised? p79

The industrial revolution made EXTENDED families stronger Michael Anderson 23% of households in Preston were made up extended family members AFTER the industrial revolution. Poverty and overcrowding meant that family members all lived together. Why else was the extended family popular at this time? Activity 12 and 13