Mixed Economy Economic decisions are shared by the govt & the people

Market Economy Economic decisions are made by individuals or the open market.

Laissez-faire Hands off—no govt intervention in business

Tariff Tax on imports

Traditional economy Econ. decisions made by customs, religion, & other ideas handed down generation to generation.

Command economy Economic decisions are made by the government

trade A purchase or sale made with or without money

import Goods coming into a country (In=Import)

Export Goods going out of a country (Exit=Export)

Embargo/Blockade Govt restiction of business/trade

Constitution The United States’ Supreme Law of the Land

Legislative Branch Branch that makes the laws (Congress= Senate + House of Rep)

Executive Branch Branch that enforces the law (Pres, military, law enforcement)

Judicial branch Branch that interprets the laws, makes sure they abide by the Constitution (Supreme Court)

Checks & Balances System put into place to make sure the 3 branches of govt do no become too powerful

Amend 1 Freedom of press, speech, petition, assembly, & religion

libel Printing things that are lies is not freedom of the presss

slander Saying things that you know are lies is not freedom of speech

Amend 13 Abolishing slavery

Amend 14 Everyone born in the US or naturalized are citizens; due process of law

Amend 15 African Amer. men are given the right to vote

Amend 16 Congress can order/collect income tax

Amend 17 Direct election of senators

Amend 18 Prohibition

Amend 19 Women’s right to vote

Amend 24 Poll taxes are banned

Amend 26 Lowered the voting age to 18 (from 21)

Enlightenment 17 th century intellectual movement that worked to limit the power of the govt & church

John Locke Believer in natural rights: life, liberty, property (now pursuit of happiness in our constitution)

Montesquieu Believed in the separation of powers (3 branches of govt)

Voltaire Freedom of speech

Absolute Monarchy Form of govt in which the king/queen has all of the power

Presidential Democracy Form of govt in which people vote for most things, including the leader

Dictatorship Form of govt in which the leader usually takes over by military force & has all the power

Parliamentary Democracy Form of govt in which people vote for the leg. body, which in turn selects the prime minister

Constitutional Monarchy Form of govt in which the king/queen’s power is limited by written law

Theocracy Form of govt ruled by religious leaders

Absolutism Having complete & unrestricted power in govt (monarch)

Divine Right A ruler’s belief that God gave them the right to have power over a country

Oligarchy Govt in which a few people have all of the power

Populists Reform group that represented the farmers

Progressives Reform group that tried to end child labor & limit power of big businesses

Immigration Moving into a new a new country to settle (i=in)

Emigration Moving out of a country to settle in another (e=exit)

Industrial Revolution Change in the way things were made; made in factories instead of by hand

Assembly Line Allows mass production, and prices to fall as supply increases

slums Tenements; extreme poor living conditions caused by rapid urbanization

Monopoly When one company completely dominates an industry

urbanization People moved from rural areas to cities in order to be closer to factories

Labor Unions Created in response to horrible working conditions; fought for better pay & working conditions

NAACP Group fighting for African American rights

suffrage The right to vote

cooperative Group that pools members resources to sell products directly to markets & buy goods at wholesale prices

subsidy Govt payment made to farmers

Kickback Payments of part of the earnings of a job (not always legal!)

graft Acquisition of money or political power through illegal/dishonest methods

reparations High payments Germany had to make bc it lost WWI

League of Nations Peace keeping organization after WWI that was unsuccessful

imperialism One country taking over another to gain power

White Man’s Burden Idea that white man must “civilize” undeveloped nations

Open Door Policy Policy of equal trading rights for all countries within China; proposed by US, not China

nationalism Strong love & devotion for ones country

militarism Competition of creating the most powerful combat group

alliances Countries making agreements to assist each other in times of need

isolationism The US stance on foreign policy after WWI—if a conflict didn’t involve us, we were staying out of it

4 Causes of WWI Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

Fourteen Points Wilson’s plan for peace following WWI

Treaty of Versailles Treaty to end WWI— very harsh towards Germany

Harlem Renaissance A literary & artistic movement in the 1920s in which African Amer. Brought their culture to the north

Great Migration Movement of African American from South to north for jobs

Red Scare Fear of communism in the US during the 1920s

Great Depression *Stock market crash *bank failure *overproduction *overspending/debt *High unemployment

New Deal Programs/policies set up in 1930s by FDR to help social reform & economic recovery

NATO Alliance of democratic nations following WWII

Warsaw Pact Alliance of communist dictatorships following WWII

Israel New nation created for Jews fleeing Europe during WWII

Pearl Harbor US naval base that was attacked which led to the US involvement in WWII

United Nations Peace keeping organization created after WWII. The US joined this organization.

Holocaust Hitler’s mass extermination of Jews & other undesirables

Appeasement Giving into Hitler’s demands in hopes that he would be satisfied & prevent a war

Socialism Economic system where the govt or workers own most of the factories, utilitites, transportation, & communication systems

Axis/Central Powers Military alliance between Germany & Italy during WWII, later joined by Japan

Allied Powers Alliance between Great Britain & France in WWII, later joined by US & Soviet Union

Internment Camp Camps where Japanese-Americans were relocated forcibly during WWII

Atomic bombs Massive bomb created by the Manhattan Project, dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japan that led to the end of WWII

Baby Boomers Large increase in birthrate following WWII (as many soldiers come home from war)

Marshall Plan The US plan to offer European countries financial assistance to set up democracies

Korean/Vietnam Wars 2 Cold War wars in which the North was Communist, and the US helped the democratic south

Truman Doctrine The US pledge to fight the spread of communism at all cost

Cold War Battle between the US & the USSR between democracy & communism

Communism During the Cold War, the Soviet Union wanted new countries to set up this type of govt.— govt that collectively owns property & runs industry (no individual ownership)

Space Race Battle between the US & the Soviet Union to put a man in space; sign of superiority

Domino Effect The fear that if Vietnam fell to communism, so would all surrounding countries

containment The US policy of preventing the spread of communism

McCarthyism Fear of communism in the US following WWII—Senator Joseph McCarthy caused hysteria by proclaiming to know of MANY govt officials with communist ties, but never offered any evidence (ruined many people’s lives!)

Berlin Wall A guarded concrete wall put up by the Soviet Union in 1961, to separate communist East Berlin from democratically controlled (US/GB/Fr) West Berlin— was brought down in 1989

Berlin Airlift The US response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin—airlifted TONS of supplies into the region

Iron Curtain Barrier established between Soviet Union and Western Europe from

Cuban Missile Crisis Soviet Union installed nuclear missiles on Cuba, aimed at the US—war is avoided when the Soviets finally back down & remove them

Plessy Vs. Ferguson Separate but equal is OK

Brown vs Bd of Educ Separate but equal isn’t equal-- integrated the schools

Jim Crow Laws State law in the south that legalized segregation

Univ. of Cal vs Bakke Diversity in schools is good but racial quotas may not be used

Civil Disobedience Legal form of protest to bring about govt change (example: boycott)

Conscientious Objector Refusal to serve in military for religious/moral reasons

Primary source document written by sources that were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event (ex: diary, letter, autobiography)

Secondary Sources Interpreted & analyzed sources--one or more steps removed from the event. Secondary sources may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them (ex: biography, text book)