Journey Through the Dust Bowl A WebQuest Exploration Created by Holly Delduchetto (EDU 505) Updated by Mrs. Guadamuz

Introduction The Great Depression devastatingly impacted the entire United States (and even had negative effects on other countries), but perhaps those hurt the most were the farming families of the Great Plains. A vast drought turned the once fertile fields into acres of dust. The land grew parched; the crops dried up and blew away; agricultural prices plummeted; and violent dust storms raged through the Midwest.

The Dust Storms Nicknamed “Black Blizzards” Began in 1931 Caused by the dried up crops, the over-plowed fields, and the over-grazed plains 38 dust storms ravaged the Midwest in 1933 alone

Fierce dust storms, signaled only by monstrous black clouds, appeared out of nowhere, burying automobiles, farm equipment, livestock, and even people. When the storms struck in the light of day, Dust Bowl residents swear that it was as dark as night. If you were caught away from home when one hit, you were lucky if you could find shelter in a nearby house, barn, or shed until the storm passed. Dust stung your eyes, irritated your nose and throat, settled on furniture, covered windows, and even made its way into the very food on your dinner table.

This map highlights the area of the U. S This map highlights the area of the U.S. that became known as “The Dust Bowl” during the 1930s. Hit especially hard were the southern plains.

Farmers had no choice but to foreclose. Did rain come and end the drought? Did crops spring from the earth once more? Sadly, no. Farmers had no choice but to foreclose. Families packed up and migrated west, hoping to find work in the fertile orchards of California.

Task You have been assigned the task of creating a journal for a fictional family who lived through the Dust Bowl. This Journal must include the following items: A journal that has a creative cover depicting a scene, either drawn or cut, which best sums up the Dust Bowl in your own opinion. A journal that has at least five creative entries that discuss aspects of the Dust Bowl. Each entry must be dated, and contain relevant facts gathered through the use of this WebQuest such as time, place, location, and conditions that you and your family experienced. You must follow the guiding questions that go along with the different topics that are offered in this WebQuest. These questions must also be handed in, complete, with the journal.

In summary, this is what you must complete: A set of daily journal entries (5 required) Complete guiding questions (15) Works cited page (for questions) Things to Consider: For your journal entries, your writing can be personal and reflective. You can tell who you met and spoke with, what kinds of things you saw, describe any dust storms you experienced, mention what you brought with you, what you ate, where you slept, etc. This requires creative writing and personal narrative using concrete details and vivid descriptions. For the guiding questions, your language and style must be more professional (academic). This is where you tie together all the information you have learned. Responses should be concise, direct, and you may include facts and figures. You need to present your information in a way that is brief, informative, yet compelling.

Okay, grab your luggage! The train is leaving! Process and Resources Here are the steps to follow along your journey. Think of it as a plan or an itinerary. Websites (resources) that you can visit are woven throughout the process description. I have recommended items from each site that are particularly helpful, informative, and interesting. Feel free to explore any other parts of the sites you visit! The process steps are meant to guide you during the trip, but by all means, linger and learn even more if you wish! Okay, grab your luggage! The train is leaving! Warning: It’s not going to be this green where you’re going!

Guiding Questions (Tasks) WHEN THE DUST BOWL BEGAN 1.) What year did the Dust Bowl conditions start to impact the United States? 2.) Examine the timeline of events and list, in your opinion, the three most important events of the Dust Bowl. WHERE THE DUST BOWL HAPPENED 3.) What states, counties and towns were impacted by the Dust Bowl? 4.) Out of all the possible states that could have been impacted, why is it that these states were the ones that experienced the most damage during the Dust Bowl? 5.) How does geography play a part in the areas that were affected and those that weren't? What common characteristics do you see in areas that were impacted and those that weren't? WHY THE DUST BOWL HAPPENED 6.) What are three reasons why the Dust Bowl occurred? 7.) Create a graphic organizer with "DUST BOWL" in the middle circle and list three reasons in smaller circles around the center. Include this chart with the other materials you hand in. WHO THE DUST BOWL AFFECTED 8.) What groups of people did the Dust Bowl affect the most? 9.) Were children affected by the Dust Bowl? How? EXAMINE THE PICTURE HERE (http://www.averyphoto.com/card16.html) AND RESPOND TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: 10.) What do you see in this picture? 11.) What impact did the storm have on these people? HOW PEOPLE REACTED TO THE DUST BOWL 12.) Name three ways that people dealt with the Dust Bowl. 13.) What were some of the consequences of the Dust Bowl? (Good and Bad) 14.) How did the Dust Bowl help to transform the lives of Americans living in the regions that were effected? 15.) What steps can be taken to avoid another Dust Bowl from occurring?

Process You can connect directly to the websites by using the right click button on your mouse and selecting “open hyperlink.” 1. http://skyways.lib.ks.us/orgs/fordco/dustbowl/ Skim the oral history interviews with people who survived the Depression. You’ll find great, firsthand accounts here. 2. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-DustBowl.html You’ll find general information here, plus additional links to articles related to the Dust Bowl.

A family from Oklahoma migrating to California. Process 3. http://drought.unl.edu/whatis/dustbowl.htm Read about the causes of drought, how farmers coped with it, and what we learned from the severe conditions our nation endured during the 1930s. 4. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dustbowl/timeline/index.html Peruse the “Timeline of the Great Depression.” 5. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html Here is an excellent site from the Library of Congress. It provides many details about refugees who left the Dust Bowl in the hopes of finding work in California. Try out some of the links. Look through the photo galleries and listen to songs from the Great Depression. A family from Oklahoma migrating to California.

7. http://history1900s.about.com/library/photos/blyindexdepression.htm Process 6. http://rs6.loc.gov/fsowhome.html View photographs from the Farm Security Administration (FSA) 7. http://history1900s.about.com/library/photos/blyindexdepression.htm Take some time to browse this collection of Depression-era photographs. Particularly take note of the photos under the headings “Dust Storms,” “Farms for Sale,” “Relocating: On the Road,” and “Migrant Workers.” 8. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dustbowl/sfeature/eyewitness.html Read the excerpts from “Farming the Dust Bowl,” a memoir by Lawrence Svobida, a Kansas wheat farmer who braved the drought, gusty winds, and inescapable dust of the Great Plains in the 1930s.

Process 9.http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dustbowl/peopleevents/pandeAMEX07.html Read about “Black Sunday” (April 14, 1935). 10. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/b?ammem/fsaall:LC-USF34-018230-C:collection=fsa These striking black and white pictures depict Cimarron County. This county in Oklahoma was struck very severely by the droughts. 11. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dustbowl/sfeature/newdeal.html Read about what President Roosevelt’s New Deal programs did to bring relief.

Evaluation I need to see evidence that you’ve explored the sites! You will receive two grades for this project: one for the journal and one for the guiding question responses. Remember, your style of writing will be different for the journal and for the report. I need to see evidence that you’ve explored the sites!

Evaluation (continued) Journal (total 100 points)   1 2 3 4 At least five journal entries One journal entry or no entries at all Two journal entries Three or four journal entries All five entries written in a clear and creative manner ____ Entries based on factual places, events, or people. No apparent basis on fact One or two entries seem to be based on fact Three or four entries appear to be based on fact All journals clearly based on fact Creative and colorful cover/title page for the journal including name, date, class, teacher’s name and title. No Cover or title page A cover or title page with limited information and little effort shown  Some creativity exhibited, most information is included High level of creativity exhibited with all information typed correctly Grammar Many mistakes in grammar, which impede meaning Several grammatical errors make meaning difficult to understand, but some meaning is conveyed Few grammatical errors, which do not impede meaning No grammatical errors and meaning is clearly conveyed Total----> Comments:

Evaluation (continued) Guiding Questions (total 45 points) Professional, academic writing style (10 points) Factual, evidence-based responses (10 points) Correct grammar, spelling and punctuation (10 points) All prompts answered, 1 point each (15 points)

Conclusion It wasn’t until the autumn of 1939 that rain watered the Dust Bowl, bringing an end to the drought. Farmers could reap harvests once again. The people of the Great Plains felt tremendous gratitude towards President Roosevelt and his New Deal programs that helped them endure the years of drought.