Imaging studies of nervous system Dr. Abubakr 26.5.2008

Skull X-ray. MRI of Brain: sagital, transverse & coronal sections. Brain CT scan “transverse section”. Cerebral angiography. Myelography.

Skull X-ray.

True lateral radiograph: Head views:

Posterior-anterior radiograph: Head views:

Occipitomental radiograph: Head views: Occipitomental radiograph:

Occipitomental radiograph: Head views: Occipitomental radiograph:

MRI of Brain: sagital section The frontal air sinus (1). sphenoidal air sinus (2). The nasal cavity (3). nasopharynx (4). foramen magnum (5). odontoid process (6).

MRI of Brain: sagital section optic chiasma (1). pituitary gland (2). cerebral aqueduct (often called the aqueduct of Sylvius) (3) fourth ventricle (4) tentorium cerebelli (5) divides the cranial cavity within the skull into a supratentorial compartment and an infratentorial compartment. The paired mamillary bodies(6) lie in the floor of the third ventricle. These structures form part of the limbic system of the brain.

MRI of Brain: sagital section The corpus callosum is itself subdivided in several regions. Note the genu (1), body (2) and splenium (3). The anterior column of the fornix(4). The thalamus is the largest nuclear mass within the entire human nervous system (5). The hypothalamus (6) The pineal gland (7) synthesizes melatonin, a hormone implicated in the waking/sleeping cycle.

transverse section of the brain

Cortex of the cerebrum

Grey matter

Basal nuclei & thalamus

ventricles

Internal capsule

External capsule

Extreme capsule

MRI of Brain: transverse section Lateral Ventricle. Third ventricle. Caudate Nucleus. a: Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule. b: Genu of Internal Capsule. c: Posterior limb of Internal Capsule. Lentiform Nucleus. Insula. Insular artery. Thalamus. a. Gray Matter. b. White Matter.

MRI of Brain: coranal section Longitudinal fissure. cingulate sulcus. cingulated gyrus. corpus callosum. lateral ventricle. third ventricle. cerebral aqueduct. midbrain. cerebellar hemisphere. fourth ventricle cavity. temporal lobe. lateral sulcus.

Frontal Lobe. Parietal Lobe. Occipital Lobe. Septum Pellucidum. a. Rostrum of Corpus Callosum. b. Body of Corpus Callosum. c. Splenium of Corpus Callosum. Pituitry. Sphenoid air sinus. Nasopharynx. Frontal Air sinus. Pons. Medulla Oblongata. Cerebellum. Spinal Cord. Fourth ventricle. Sinus Confluence.

Brain CT scan “transverse section”. The dark spaces within the bones represent the air sinuses. The frontal air sinus (A). The nasal cavity (B). In the lateral walls of the nasal cavity are numerous small dark areas representing the ethmoid air cells (C). In the mid-line and at the posterior to the nasal cavity is the sphenoid air sinus (D).

Brain CT scan “transverse section”. The orbit (A) The eye ball(C). Optic nerve (D) Optic canal (E) or foramen. The medial rectus muscle (B).

Brain CT scan “transverse section”. Use this image to study the bony features of the skull. frontal bone(A). the zygoma(B). The temporal bone has a thin squamous component (C) and a much thicker petrous part (D). Mastoid air cells (E). The pinna (F). The occipital bone (G).

Brain CT scan “transverse section”. Frontal lobe. Longitudinal fissure. Septum pellucidum. Anterior horn of lateral ventricle. Caudate nucleus. Third ventricle. Posterior horn of tateral ventricle & choroid plexus. falx cerebri. Internal occipital protuberance. Occipital lobe. thalamus White matter.

Cerebral angiography Carotid angiogram Anterior view          Carotid angiogram Anterior view  Carotid angiogram Lateral View  Vertebral angiogram Anterior view  Vertebral angiogram Lateral View Abbreviations: ACI - internal carotid artery ACA - anterior cerebral artery ACM - middle cerebral artery BA - basilar artery VA - vertebral artery PCA - posterior cerebral artery PICA - posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Myelography

Some Abnormalities: Space occupying lesions: e.g. tumor, AV malformation, abscess…

Some Abnormalities: prolapsed Intervertebral disc

Some Abnormalities Epidural hemorrhage:

Some Abnormalities Subdural hematoma:

Some Abnormalities Hydrocephalus

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