WHAT AM I? Handout

Sexuality  Listen to each other.  No “put downs.”  It’s OK to pass.  No personal questions.  Use correct words.  It’s all right to laugh “with” but not “at” other people..  Respectful and Supportive Environment

Sexuality Word Map  Under these headings, what does sexuality mean to you?  Gender roles and relations  Sexual contact  Physical development of sexual characteristics  Intimacy, love, and affection

Sex  Sex refers to whether a person is male or female, whether a person has a penis or vagina.  Sex is also commonly used as an abbreviation to refer to sexual intercourse.

Sexuality  Sexuality refers to your femaleness or your maleness.  Everyone is a sexual being.  Your sexuality is an interplay between body image, gender, identity etc.  It includes attitudes, values, knowledge and behaviors.

Anatomy & Physiology Female Reproductive Organ

Female Anatomy: Front View pg. 158

Female Anatomy: Side View  Refer to page 156 in textbook  Fill in the Term: Charts

anusthe outlet of the rectum lying in the fold between the buttocks. The opening at the end of the anal canal. cervixthe part of the uterus that protrudes into the cavity of the vagina. clitorisa small genital organ whose function is one of sexual pleasure. endometriumthe inner lining of the uterus, which is partially shed during menstruation. labia majorathe larger outer pair of skin folds that enclose the vulva. labia minorathe smaller inner pair of skin folds that enclose the vulva. ovariesthe pair of organs that store and release egg cells and produce estrogen. Oviduct (Fallopian tube) one of a pair of ducts opening at one end into the uterus and at the other end into the peritoneal cavity, over the ovary. Each tube serves as a passage through which an ovum is carried to the uterus from the ovary.

rectumthe lower part of the large intestine, between the sigmoid colon and the anal canal. urethraa tube leading from the bladder that carries urine out of the body. Its opening lies in the vulva between the vagina and the clitoris. urinary bladder the organ that holds urine excreted by the kidneys. uterusa pear-shaped hollow organ with muscular walls where a fertilized egg becomes embedded and the fetus develops. vaginaa hollow, muscular, tunnel-like structure that forms the passageway between the cervix and vulva. vulvathe “outside” or external sex organs.

The Menstrual Cycle Day 1: The first day of the menstrual period is day 1 of the cycle. Day 5: The hormone estrogen signals the endometrium to grow and thicken. Day 14: An egg is released from the ovary and moves into one of the fallopian tubes. Day 28: If the egg is not fertilized, hormone levels decrease, and the endometrium is shed during menstruation.

Anatomy & Physiology Male Reproductive Organ

Male Anatomy: Front View

Male Anatomy: Side View pg. 163

Terms to Use - Circumcision - Anus - Foreskin - Cowper’s gland - Glans - penis - Epididymis - Scrotum - Prostate - Testis - Urethra - Urinary bladder - Seminal vesicles - Vas deferens

anusthe outlet of the rectum lying in the fold between the buttocks. The opening at the end of the anal canal. circumcisionthe operation to remove the foreskin of the penis. Cowper’s glandsa pair of small glands at the base of the penis that secrete seminal fluid. epididymisa long, tightly coiled duct that carries sperm from seminiferous tubules of the testes to the vas deferens. foreskinthe loose fold of skin that covers the end of the penis. Foreskin is removed during circumcision. glansthe head of the penis. penisthe sex organ of generation.

prostatea walnut-sized gland that surrounds the neck of the bladder and urethra. This gland helps produce the milky semen necessary for carrying sperm. scrotumthe wrinkly sac of skin, sparsely covered with hair, that holds the testicles. seminal vesicles the two sac-like glands at the base of the bladder and connected to the prostate gland that provide nutrients for the semen. testicle/testisthe organ located behind the penis that produces sperm. urethraa tube leading from the bladder that carries urine through the penis to the opening at the tip of the glans. Semen also passes through this tube. urinary bladderthe organ that holds urine excreted by the kidneys. vas deferensthe tube that transports sperm from the epididymis from each testicle to the urethra in the prostate gland. (Also referred to as ductus deferens.)

The Path of Sperm Sperm produced in seminferous tubules of testes The sperm then move through a maze of tiny ducts into the epididymus where they mature The sperm eventually drain into the vas deferens that travels up through the scrotum inside the spermatic cord The vas deferens continues upward to the bladder where it is joined by the excretory duct of the seminal vesicle, forming the ejaculatory duct Ejaculatory duct joins with urethra within the prostate Urethra extends to the tip of penis

How Pregnancy Happens

Intimacy and Sexual Decision Making

What do you notice in this video? Lil Wayne - How to Love

Healthy Relationships Generally cause people to feel good about themselves Partners respects themselves and one another Consider and show concern for each other’s feelings

Unhealthy Relationships  Generally cause people to feel unhappy  One partner mistreats the other  Both partners treat each other badly

Healthy vs Unhealthy Characteristics  As a class create a list of Healthy vs. Unhealthy Characteristics of a relationship  Add to your list...

Healthy vs. Unhealthy Feel happy and relaxed Are confident Have positive self-esteem/body images Act with mutual respect Are considerate of one another Communicate openly and honestly Listen to each other Attempt to understand one another Ability to talk about sexuality Make sexual decisions together Spend time together AND apart Demonstrate Independence  Feel unhappy  Manipulate each other to get what they want  Pressure the other person to do something that they do not want to do  Use intimidation or threats  Are unsure of themselves  Have negative self-esteem/body images  Disregard the other person’s feelings  Do not communicate well  Hurt or harm each other  Not able to talk about sexuality  Depend on each other for emotional stability

The SHARE Qualities …of a Healthy Relationship Safety Honesty Acceptance Respect Enjoyment

The SHARE Qualities… SAFETY  Both people feel safe  Not worried about feeling physically or emotionally hurt  Feel comfortable making a decision HONESTY  Tell each other the truth at all times  Share opinions without worry  Resolve problems openly and honestly

The SHARE Qualities… ACCEPTANCE  Accept each other for who you are  Do not try to “fix” the other  Neither of you try to make the other into an ideal RESPECT  Respect the right of your partner to have their own opinion  Do not feel inferior or superior  Each think highly of each other

The SHARE Qualities… ENJOYMENT  Have fun together  Feel happy and energized  Are able to play or be serious  Enjoy each other’s company no matter what you are doing

Sexual Intimacy Closeness and trust is what we call intimacy Sexual activity is one expression of intimacy that can take place in loving and committed persons Sexual Intimacy represents a way of expressing intimate feelings for another person Over time romantic relationships often progress and become more intimate in nature

Making Good and Healthy Decisions  Making conscious choices about your sexual activity  It is best not to rush the steps of intimacy  When people rush through the steps they do not allow themselves to grow as couples and strengthen their relationship  Take the time and be comfortable discussing your beliefs with your partner

FACTORS THAT AFFECT SEXUAL DECISION MAKING

Increased sex hormones after puberty

Parents, Teachers & Siblings

Curiosity about Sex

Pressure to conform to the Media’s Definitions of Sexuality

More Factors... Personality Culture, ethnicity Friends and Peers Self-Esteem Religious or spiritual Beliefs Sexual Experiences Personal Sense of morality Knowledge about sexuality Health Factors Plans for the future Legal concerns: whether or not your actions break the law Love Seeking physical and/or emotional closeness with another person Sense of loyalty in a relationship Attempting to gain status Rebelling against parents Drugs and/or alcohol Quality of your relationship

Self Esteem Is a feeling of pride and self-worth Respect yourself, and act according to your beliefs Strong sense of self means a stronger communication Build self-esteem, build healthy romantic and sexual relationships Risky behaviour indicates that you do not respect yourself, your health, or well-being

Self Esteem...

Health Risks  Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)  Some cannot be cured  Undergo medical treatment  Becoming a parent when you are not ready  Taking care of a child  More difficult to reach your desired plans for your future

Abstinence  Refraining from any form of sexual activity that could result in pregnancy or transmission of an STI  Avoid intimate sexual activities that involve the transfer of bodily fluids  The only way to avoid pregnancy the best protection against STIs

Church Teachings Unitive Lovemaking is an expression of vulnerability and intimacy, a two-in-one-flesh encounter, demanding a deep level of commitment and love for its natural fulfillment. Traditionally, this has been called the "unitive" meaning of sexual intercourse and, by extension, of marriage itself. Procreative At the same time, if a man and women engage in sexual intercourse, the proximity of sperm and ovum can and, in the right circumstances, does produce new human life. Built into the very biology of genital sex is a "procreative" meaning.

Reasons to Wait Religious beliefs about the nature of marriage and sexuality Wanting to avoid a bad reputation Concerns about pregnancy Concerns about disease Lack of trust in your partner relationship Waiting for the right person Feeling that you are not really old enough Simply not feeling ready

Types of Communication  Passive  Aggressive  Assertive

Passive Individuals... do not assert themselves give others priority, at their own expense give in to other people’s wishes keep their concerns to themselves apologize profusely

Aggressive Individuals... stand up for their rights with no regard for others think of themselves first, at the expense of others dominate others reach their goals with no regard for others

Assertive Individuals... stand up for their rights without denying other people theirs respect themselves as well as others know how to listen and talk express their emotions, both positive and negative know how to be self-confident without seeming arrogant

HEALTH RISKS & REASONS TO WAIT Abstinence, STI`s, and Birth Control

Health Risks  Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) -Some cannot be cured -Undergo medical treatment  Becoming a parent when you are not ready -Taking care of a child - More difficult to reach your desired plans for your future

Consequences of Sexual Decision Making Is it desirable or not? Feelings of pride and responsibility Sexually transmitted infections Pressure from partner Positive self esteem Happiness about your decisions Avoidance of pregnancy Regret Unhappiness about your reputation among your peers

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS..and Contraceptive methods

What are STI’s -Infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites - Transmitted through bodily fluids such as: semen, vaginal fluid, and blood. -May not have any recognizable symptoms (asymptomatic) - Many can be treated and have few lasting consequences, while others cannot be cured and have serious health consequences.

How are STI’s spread?  Sexual Contact  Sexual Intercourse  Saliva  Infected Blood (needles) * During pregnancy * Some people show symptoms, while others may not **The best way to prevent an STI is through the practice of ABSTINENCE

Symptoms  Different or heavier discharge from vagina  Discharge from penis  Burning feeling when urinating  Sores, particularly in the genital or anal areas  Itchy feeling around the sex organs or anus  Appearance of a rash  Swollen glands in the groin  Not all STIs cause obvious symptoms, so it’s important to get tested regularly

Viruses  Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)  Facial or genital sores and blisters  Hepatitis B  Flu-like symptoms  Human Papiloma Virus (HPV)  Genital warts  Links to cervical cancer  Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

HIV/AIDS  HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus  Transmitted through the exchange of bodily fluids: sexual contact, intravenous drug use (needles), blood transfusions, pregnancy.  AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome  Occurs when a person’s immune system becomes so weak that it can no longer successfully fight off infection.

HIV/AIDS…  Symptoms may not appear right away, sometimes it can take up to ten years before seeing any signs  A blood test is the only way to be sure if you’ve contracted HIV  HIV passes from the body fluids of an infected person to the body fluids of another person (blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk, any fluids containing blood)  Most often contracted during: sexual activity, drug use (sharing needles), during birth and breastfeeding, blood or organ transfusions

HIV/AIDS…  Initial symptoms feel like the flu  Fever, diarrhea, weight loss, dry cough swollen glands  Because these symptoms are similar to the flu, people will fail to recognize it as something more serious  Over time symptoms will become more serious  While there is no cure, advancements in medicine allow for better manageability and infected people are still able to live active and fulfilling lives

Bacteria  Chlamydia  The silent STI (& the most common)  Causes pelvic inflammatory disease  Chronic pelvic pains  Infertility  Gonorrhea  Bacteria grows and multiplies in warm, moist areas

Parasites  Trichomonas  Protozoan parasite in the vagina (women) and urethra (men)  Pubic Lice  Parasite found around the genitals  Greyish coloured rash

STI Statistics  In 2006, 20% of all STI reported in the were reported among teens aged  In 2006, 56% of all STI were reported among youth aged  Chlamydia is the most common reportable STI among adolescents.*****  Untreated Chlamydia can lead to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in females.  There is a link between genital warts and cervical cancer.

Contraceptive Methods  Male and female condoms  The Pill, Patch, contraceptive injections  Withdrawal  Natural Methods * These will not protect against STI’s