1.  Introduction to the Male Structures  Diagram 18.2 page 470  Path of Sperm  Problems of Male Reproductive System  Care for the Reproductive System  Concept Mapping Activity  Quiz next class

2. DO NOW:  Define Reproductive System  List as many Reproductive Structures in the male body as you can

3.  Major Functions: ◦ Production of sperm ◦ Storage of sperm (male reproductive cell)  Time of puberty pituitary gland releases hormone that stimulates production of testosterone (responsible for physical changes)  Fertilization – the joining of male sperm and female egg

6.  Scrotum- an external skin sac that holds the testes  Testes- (singular Testis) also called testicles ◦ two small glands that produce sperm ◦ Produce hormone testosterone  ***Sperm cannot live above normal body temp; Skin of scrotum keeps the testes slightly below body temp; muscles in the scrotum relax or contract to control temp***

7.  Penis – external organ used for intercourse; contains three cylinders which become filled with blood to increase in size and fullness  Glans – smooth sensitive end of the penis  Foreskin –fold of skin covering the head of penis

8.  The singular word for testes is “testis”, from Latin meaning to witness. During ancient times, a person providing testimony would validate it by holding his testes or another mans!!

9.  Seminal Vesicle – ◦ seminal fluid originates in seminal vesicle; ◦ Provides nutrients and energy to the sperm as it travels through the vagina  Vas Deferens – ◦ (ductus deference) move sperm; ◦ connect the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct  Prostate Gland – ◦ Size of walnut; is below the bladder ◦ Release nourishing fluid for sperm travel during ejaculation

10.  Cowper's Gland – ◦ Two tiny glands; located below prostate, neutralize semen ◦ Releases pre-ejaculatory fluid ◦ Fluid cleanses urethra to protect sperm from acid  Epididymis- ◦ Tightly coiled tube connecting to vas deference ◦ Stores mature sperm  Urethra – ◦ Passage way for semen and urine to leave the body  Urinary bladder – ◦ Storage of urine until excretion

11.  1. Produced in testes  2. Stored in Epididymis  3. Released into the Vas Deferens  4.Passes seminal vesicle  5. Passes prostate gland  6. Now Urethra – passes Cowper’s gland  7. travels down the penis and out of the body

12.  Head – Contains genetic material  Acrosomal Sac- above head; contains digestive enzyme so can penetrate ovum  Neck contains mitochondria; energy for sperm to swim  Tail – side to side movement to propel sperm through the vagina into the uterus

13. Sperm fun facts 1. Males remain fertile and produce sperm throughout their life 2. 300 – 400 million sperm in each ejaculation 3. Sperm swim 30 inches per hour 4. Sperm make up 5% of what males ejaculate 5. Sperm can live up to 5 days in fertile cervical fluid 

14.  Get regular check-ups ◦ Go to doctor every 12 – 18 months  Bathe regularly  Wear protective equipment ◦ use protective cup or supporter during physical activities  Perform regular self-examinations ◦ Check for any changes  Practice safe sexual activity or abstinence ◦ Use protection or abstain from intercourse

15.  Chlamydia/gonorrhea ◦ Bacterial infections cause burning during urination.  Syphilis ◦ Bacterial infection; initially painless, then red sores appear  Genital Herpes ◦ Virus; blister like sores in genital area

16.  Inguinal Hernia ◦ Separation of tissues allows intestine to push into abdomen near top of scrotum ◦ Symptoms : lump in groin near thigh, pain in groin; severe case partial or complete intestinal blockage

17.  Sterility – Inability to reproduce; results from too few sperm less than 20 million per milliliter of seminal fluid  Results from environmental hazards ◦ Exposure to X rays ◦ Radiation ◦ Toxic chemicals ◦ Lead ◦ Anabolic steroids ◦ Drugs ◦ Hormonal imbalance ◦ STD’s