Unit 4 : SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM Language Focus

Choose the word which has different stress pattern from the rest. 1. A. happy B. reading C. moneyD. agree 2. A. listenB. repeat C. confideD. refuse A A D D

I. Pronunciation : Stress in three - syllable words Listen and repeat these words, then underline the stress pattern of these words: 1. happy 2. happiness3. unhappy 4. happily

1. Stress on penultimate syllable - Words ending in - ic ( electric, scientific) - Words ending in -sion -tion, -ian ( calculation, Italian, education) 2. Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante- penultimate = third from end) - Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and -gy ( chemistry, primary, beautify) -Words ending in - al ( natural, industrial)

Ientify the stress pattern in these words : investigation biology economic investigation biology economic flexibility underpayment Canadian flexibility underpayment Canadian

*Look at these words, listen and repeat: algebra carefully politics physical chemistry academic primary statistics computing cinema compulsory September

Passive Voice GRAMMAR

Subject: Person or object that suffered/enjoyed the results of an action. The verb "to be" in the tense the action ocurred. The Past Participle of the verb that represents the action itself. Whatever complements that verb needs. In a few special cases we can also use by + the agent. Structure of the sentence

Structure of the verb TENSESEXAMPLES Present SimplePigs are often used to find truffles Present ContinuousMy house is being redecorated at the moment Present PerfectI have never been given flowers on my birthday Past SimpleThis picture was painted by Picasso Past ContinuousWhen I saw him he was being followed by the police Past PerfectShe was angry because she had already been told three times Future SimpleWhen you get there everything will be finished Going to - FutureThey are not going to be easily convinced Conditional SimpleYou would be punished if they found out Conditional PerfectIf you hadn’t told them would I have been invited?

BE to BE gives us the tense of the action Past Participle the principal verb is always in Past Participle THE PASSIVE VERB to BE (in the active tense) + Past Participle (main verb) THE PASSIVE VERB to BE (in the active tense) + Past Participle (main verb)

The passive sentence ACTIVE VOICE Active Subject Active Verb Direct Object Robertgave a coin by Passive Verb Passive Subject Agent PASSIVE VOICE was givenby

The passive sentence ACTIVE VOICE Active Subject Active Verb Direct Object Indirect Object Robertgavea coinTomto by Direct Object Passive Verb Passive Subject Agent PASSIVE VOICE was givenby

1/They built this house in / This house was built in / Channel islanders speak French & English 2/ French & English is spoken by Channel islanders 1/ This book will change your life 2/ Your life will be changed by this book Examples

1/ They can’t answer your question 2/ Your question can’t be answered 1/ Someone had to take her to hospital after this 2/ She had to be taken to hospital after the crash 1/ They shouldn’t allow the children to do these things 2/ The children shouldn’t be allowed to do these things 1/ Someone must tell him if we want him to know 2/ He must be told if we want him to know More examples

* Matching: 1. Simple present a, S +am/ is/are + pp a, S +am/ is/are + pp 2. Simple past b, S + can/may/must + be + pp b, S + can/may/must + be + pp 3. Simple future c, S + had been + pp c, S + had been + pp 4. Present continuous d, S + was/were + pp d, S + was/were + pp 5. Past continuous e, S + has / have + been + pp e, S + has / have + been + pp 6. Present perfect f, S +am /is / are + going to be + pp f, S +am /is / are + going to be + pp 7. Past perfect g, S + will be + pp g, S + will be + pp 8. Modal verbs i, S+ was/were + being + pp i, S+ was/were + being + pp 9. Near future k, S + am / is /are + being + pp k, S + am / is /are + being + pp AB

* How to change the active into the passive voice Active: S + V + O Passive : S + (be) pp + by + O Ex, I clean the living room everyday. -> The living room is cleaned by me everyday.

* Practice: 1.Circle the word or the phrase that must be changed: Was this room repainted by he ? A B C D D D 2.Choose the best option to complete this sentence: My classroom everyday A. is cleans B. cleans C. is cleaned D. was cleaned C C 3.Choose the sentence which has the same meaning to the root one. A. This play was wrote by Shakespeare in1605. B. This play is written by Shakespeare in C. This play were written by Shakespeare in 1605 D. This play was written by Shakespeare in D D Shakespeare wrote this play in 1605.

Exercise 1. Fill each blank with the simple present passive form of the verb in brackets 1.The academic year in England in three terms. ( divide ) 2. Each term …... … by a one- week break. ( separate ) 3. The national curriculum ….. by the government and in all state schools. ( set, must follow ) 4.The national curriculum of more than ten subjects. (make up ) 5. The state school system for by the state. (pay ) 6. The advanced students to take part in the annual International Olympic Competition. ( select ) is divided Game: Lucky star is separated is set must be followed is made is paid are selected

Exercise 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice Exercise 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice Example: They built this school in > This school was built in Example: They built this school in > This school was built in The students in my class are going to organize a surprise party tomorrow evening The students in my class are going to organize a surprise party tomorrow evening They are painting the kitchen now They are painting the kitchen now Shakespeare wrote “ Romeo and Juliet” in Shakespeare wrote “ Romeo and Juliet” in They will speak English at the conference They will speak English at the conference Jane hasn’t cleaned the floor yet Jane hasn’t cleaned the floor yet A surprise party is going to be organized by the students in my class tomorrow evening. A surprise party is going to be organized by the students in my class tomorrow evening. The kitchen is being painted now. “Romeo and Juliet” was written by Shakespeare in English will be spoken at the conference. The floor hasn’t been cleaned by Jane yet.

Exercise 3. Fill in the space of the following passage with the correct tense in passive voice of the verbs in brackets. Exercise 3. Fill in the space of the following passage with the correct tense in passive voice of the verbs in brackets. The world’s first electric computer (1.build) by the University of Pennsylvania in However, computers … … … (2. sell) commercially for the first time in the 1950s. Much progress on computers (3. make) since Computers are now much smaller and more powerful and they …… (4. can buy) much more cheaply. Computers …..... (5.use) in many fields- in business, science, medicine, and education, for example. They (6 can use) to forecast the weather or to control robots which make cars. The computer’s memory is the place where information (7. store) and calculations … (8. do). A computer can not think for itself- it (9. must tell) exactly what to do. A lot of difficult calculations (10. can do) very quickly on computers. The world’s first electric computer (1.build) by the University of Pennsylvania in However, computers … … … (2. sell) commercially for the first time in the 1950s. Much progress on computers (3. make) since Computers are now much smaller and more powerful and they …… (4. can buy) much more cheaply. Computers …..... (5.use) in many fields- in business, science, medicine, and education, for example. They (6 can use) to forecast the weather or to control robots which make cars. The computer’s memory is the place where information (7. store) and calculations … (8. do). A computer can not think for itself- it (9. must tell) exactly what to do. A lot of difficult calculations (10. can do) very quickly on computers. was built were sold have been made can be bought are used can be used is stored are done must be told can be done

- Review the passive voice. - Prepare vocabublary for Unit 5.

Goodbye !