Male Reproductive System

Before we begin… We need to be mature and respectful during this unit… We need to be mature and respectful during this unit… I guarantee you will have questions…ASK! I guarantee you will have questions…ASK! Why do we need to know the Male and Female Reproductive Systems? Why do we need to know the Male and Female Reproductive Systems?

Functions Produce and store sperm Produce and store sperm Sperm – male reproductive cell Sperm – male reproductive cell Transfer sperm to female body during sexual intercourse – the act of the male penis being inserted into the female vagina Transfer sperm to female body during sexual intercourse – the act of the male penis being inserted into the female vagina Reproduce!!! When a sperm (male) egg (female) join….called Fertilization Reproduce!!! When a sperm (male) egg (female) join….called Fertilization

How the male body changes During early teen years (12-15) the body starts to produce testosterone – the male sex hormone. During early teen years (12-15) the body starts to produce testosterone – the male sex hormone. Testosterone triggers many physical changes Testosterone triggers many physical changes Commonly called secondary sex characteristics Commonly called secondary sex characteristics These changes are known as puberty. These changes are known as puberty. After puberty begins, a male is capable of producing sperm for the rest of his life.

Secondary Sex Characteristics Larger muscles Larger muscles Longer, heavier bones Longer, heavier bones Thicker, tougher skin Thicker, tougher skin Deeper voice Deeper voice Growth of body hair Growth of body hair Development of pubic hair Development of pubic hair Greater muscle mass Greater muscle mass V-shaped torso V-shaped torso Enlargement of penis, scrotum, and testes Enlargement of penis, scrotum, and testes Increased metabolic rate Increased metabolic rate Sex drive Sex drive Ejaculation of semen Ejaculation of semen

Male Diagram

External Reproductive Organs Testes – two small glands that secrete testosterone and produce sperm Testes – two small glands that secrete testosterone and produce sperm

Scrotum Thin walled, muscular pouch which holds and protects the testes Thin walled, muscular pouch which holds and protects the testes Controls the temperature of the sperm (1°-2° below body temperature) through muscular contraction and relaxation Controls the temperature of the sperm (1°-2° below body temperature) through muscular contraction and relaxation

Epididymis Epididymis – tube above the testis in which sperm is matured and stored Epididymis – tube above the testis in which sperm is matured and stored

Vas Deferens Vas Deferens – long tube which carries sperm to an organ called the seminal vesicle

Seminal Vesicles *Seminal Vesicle – produces fluid that mixes with sperm to nourish the sperm and make it more mobile *Seminal Vesicle – produces fluid that mixes with sperm to nourish the sperm and make it more mobile

Prostate Gland A small gland that surrounds the urethra at the base of the bladder A small gland that surrounds the urethra at the base of the bladder Releases an alkaline solution to protect the sperm from the slightly acidic environment of the vaginal tract Releases an alkaline solution to protect the sperm from the slightly acidic environment of the vaginal tract Secretes a milky fluid that makes up the majority of semen Secretes a milky fluid that makes up the majority of semen

Cowper’s Gland Lubricates the urethra and neutralizes the acid content Lubricates the urethra and neutralizes the acid content * These three are known as accessory glands Seminal Vesicle, Prostate, Cowpers) * These three are known as accessory glands Seminal Vesicle, Prostate, Cowpers)

Cowper’s Gland

Urethra A small tube that extends from the bladder as well as from each vas deferens through the penis to the outside of the body A small tube that extends from the bladder as well as from each vas deferens through the penis to the outside of the body Carries both urine and semen out of the body through the penis Carries both urine and semen out of the body through the penis

Penis The external reproductive organ composed of a spongy tissue that contains many blood vessels The external reproductive organ composed of a spongy tissue that contains many blood vessels As a result of increased blood flow the penis becomes enlarged and erect During arousal, blood flow to the penis increases - vasocongestion. As a result of increased blood flow the penis becomes enlarged and erect During arousal, blood flow to the penis increases - vasocongestion. This causes an erection – an enlargement of the penis This causes an erection – an enlargement of the penis Body’s preparation for sexual intercourse Body’s preparation for sexual intercourse

The male penis… When penis becomes erect, semen can be ejected from the body When penis becomes erect, semen can be ejected from the body Semen – thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions Semen – thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions A series of muscular contractions occurs, thus creating an ejaculation – expulsion of semen from the male penis. A series of muscular contractions occurs, thus creating an ejaculation – expulsion of semen from the male penis. Nocturnal Emissions may occur – ejaculation that occurs during sleep. This is perfectly normal! Nocturnal Emissions may occur – ejaculation that occurs during sleep. This is perfectly normal!

The path of sperm cells from production to release Cowper’s Gland 7

The path of sperm cells from production to release Sperm cells are produced in the (1)testes Stored in the (2)epididymis Travel through the (3)vas deferens Combine with fluid from the (4)seminal vesicles Combine with fluid from the (5)prostate gland Combine with fluid from the (6)Cowper’s gland Now called semen, travels through the (7)urethra in the penis Leaves the body through the opening in the penis during ejaculation

The male Penis… Foreskin – thin, loose flap is skin that covers the tip of the penis Foreskin – thin, loose flap is skin that covers the tip of the penis Usually removed at birth Usually removed at birth This is known as circumcision This is known as circumcision

Circumcision

Keeping the male reproductive system healthy Bath regularly Bath regularly Wear Protective Equipment Wear Protective Equipment Practice Abstinence – not having sex before marriage to avoid STD’s – sexually transmitted disease Practice Abstinence – not having sex before marriage to avoid STD’s – sexually transmitted disease Perform self-exams Perform self-exams Get regular check-ups! Get regular check-ups!

Staying Healthy Bath regularly Bath regularly All males should wash pubic area with soap and water All males should wash pubic area with soap and water Uncircumsized males need to pull back foreskin and clean Uncircumsized males need to pull back foreskin and clean

Here’s what you can do…. Perform self-exams. Perform self-exams Males should gently message each testicle to detect any bumps or abnormalities Males should gently message each testicle to detect any bumps or abnormalities Do this at least once a month Do this at least once a month Looking for signs of testicular cancer! Looking for signs of testicular cancer! Earlier the detection, the easier it is to treat! Earlier the detection, the easier it is to treat!

Problems of the male reproductive system Sterility – inability to reproduce Sterility – inability to reproduce Result of too few sperm or sperm of poor quality Result of too few sperm or sperm of poor quality May be caused by: May be caused by: Exposure to chemicals, lead, x-rays, radiation Exposure to chemicals, lead, x-rays, radiation Hormonal imbalances, STDs, steroids! Hormonal imbalances, STDs, steroids!

Problems Testicular Cancer Testicular Cancer Occurs mostly between ages of Occurs mostly between ages of Mostly treatable with early detection Mostly treatable with early detection

Problems Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer The prostate gland can become enlarged due to tumors The prostate gland can become enlarged due to tumors The earlier you detect this, the greater the chance of recovery. The earlier you detect this, the greater the chance of recovery.

Problems Inguinal Hernia- weakness of the wall of the inguinal canal coming through the abdominal cavity. Inguinal Hernia- weakness of the wall of the inguinal canal coming through the abdominal cavity.