Arc Flash & Data Centers Talking Points: Arc Flash is a concern Discussed at Sympossiom Hoping to help calm nerves while stressing importance March 2015 Matt Phillips , VP of Business Development Frank Jenkins, Sr. Electrical Engineer

What are we discussing today? Agenda What are we discussing today? Arc Flash What is it? Why it is important? Who is responsible? How does it affect work? Where is it headed? How do we react? Key takeaways Talking Points:

“Serious harm to people” Definition “Serious harm to people” An arc flash is an undesired electric discharge that travels through the air between conductors or from a conductor to a ground. The resulting explosion can cause fires and serious harm to equipment and people. Talking points: Simple definition – How it occurs is beyond the scope of this presentation Currently there are over 1,400 workplace injuries every month caused by Arc Flash, many of those injuries being debilitating (NSC).  In 2013, there were 139 deaths in the work place caused by electrical injuries, primarily Arc Flash and electrocution (OSHA)      

Why is Arc Flash a big topic Code, Regulations, and Lawyers NFPA 7NFPA 70E 2015 Standard for Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces OSHA Standards 29-CFR, Part 1910 Sub part S (electrical) Standard number 1910.333. NEC 2002 Article 110.16 NFPA 70B 2002 Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance. Talking Points: Those sobering numbers are better than they were a decade ago.  However, in its ongoing effort to improve safety in the workplace, OSHA is continuing its pressure to enforce regulations regarding worker standards around electrical gear.  One of the most discussed electrical standards, NFPA 70E, ‘Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace’, was developed in response to OSHA’s requests.  One of NFPA 70E’s addressed hazards, Arc Flash, is forcing significant changes in how electrical systems have historically been handled.  Hot work (making modifications to gear when it is energized) is becoming much less common and tightly regulated. The rules have been in code for a while – the enforcement is starting to be stressed There are almost as many lawyers as engineers at Arc Flash Training Seminars

Arc Flash and Data Centers Is de-energized work really just an inconvenience At many data centers, ‘live work’ occurs because the facility feels it is unfeasible to de-energize the equipment — the facility simply believes they cannot shut it down. However, most of the time it is more of an inconvenience, and OSHA will not allow live work to occur just because it's inconvenient to de-energize it. We tend to see that data centers try and justify live work; however, OSHA will not agree with them. Talking Points: The rules have been in code for a while – the enforcement is starting to be stressed OSHA, 80% of electrically related accidents and fatalities involving “Qualified Workers” are caused by arc flash / arc blast. Between 2007 and 2011, more than 2,880 fines were assessed for not meeting OSHA regulation 1910.132(d) which averages out to 1.5 fines a day. We have always done it that way will not be an adequate excuse or reason Concurrently Maintainable Systems will need to be maintained per the design – if you have dual bus you will need to shut down items to work on systems

Safety Rules Level 1 = 4 cal/cm2 Level 2 = 8 cal/cm2 PPE Category level 2015 Level 1 = 4 cal/cm2 Level 2 = 8 cal/cm2 Level 3 = 25 cal/cm2 Level 4 = 40 cal/cm2 Above Level 4 = No energized work Talking Points In all cases Arc Flash rated clothing is a must the level defines the cal/cm rating Safety Glass & Face shields required at a minimum – Hoods become mandatory at level 3 Hardhats always required Minimum of leather gloves with rubber arc rate gloves required at level 3 Space suits begin at level 2 – and get more restrictive as level go up. As levels increase the ability of electricians to do work gets more difficult, takes more time, and more specialized workers required

Energized Work When can we work hot When Powering down equipment becomes an increased hazard: i.e. A Medical facility may require uninterrupted electricity for life support systems When it is simply infeasible to power down; i.e. taking voltage readings, IR Scans, and troubleshooting live components. Note: OSHA recognizes and allows this without EEWP. However, PPE is required and no physical work can be performed without 1st employing an EEWP Talking Points: OSHA has a few exceptions when Hot Work is permitted and acceptable

Energized Electrical Work Permit OSHA Approved - Talking Points: Hot work (making modifications to gear when it is energized) is becoming much less common and tightly regulated All Parties including owner will share liability if event occurs Who is liable?

Future of Arc Flash Rules are already in place Coming Soon Rules are already in place Enforcement is coming soon! PPE is mandatory Energized work will be nearly impossible NFPA 70E make business owners to share liability Energized Electrical Work Permits Talking Points: One accident, one class for inspectors, or one near miss and you can bet we won’t be allowed to continue the way we have been. We need to prepare now – so we are not in a panic when the changes completely take affect.

How do we react? Now and for future Focus on Arc Flash during designs Arc resistant SWGR Remote racking controls Work arounds for de-energized maintenance and additions Remote Distribution Panels vs. Standard PDUs Talking Points: Some things to consider when building new are to Focus on Arc Flash rules as part of design

Study is highly recommended! Existing Facilities Requirements The NFPA 70E -2009 Edition – Standards for Electrical Minimum requirement – Factory Labels Mandatory Full study if any remodels 2012 & 2015 Edition further clarified and mandated compliance. OSHA Requirements Safety of workers Study is highly recommended! Talking Points: Most of us here are not building new – so how does arc flash effect existing facilities Indirect requirement of OSHA - even if no remodels Code requires update every 5 years

What to expect from a study How do I get this done Breaker & switch operations changes Cost for future work may increase Trained personnel New Safety & PPE Standards PPE Purchased Maintenance and installations become more challenging De-energized work may become mandatory Costs to mitigate above Level 4 No longer operate breakers – Alliance Generator Test EC vs Facility People – scheduling Training of staff & purchase of PPE Can no longer do it the way we always have De-energized work There are ways to mitigate –

“Learning to trust concurrently maintainable” De-energized work Are you for real Know your Tier Level Tier I - Single path of power Tier II - Single path of power - Redundant components Tier III - Multiple power and cooling distribution paths, only one path active, redundant components, concurrently maintainable Tier IV – Multiple active power and cooling distribution paths, redundant components, concurrently maintainable, fault tolerant “Learning to trust concurrently maintainable” Do you know if you can turn off a breaker? Do you trust your redundancy?

Learning to trust concurrently maintainable Dual Bus Testing 1st time – common issues How things are plugged-in Both on same bus Circuit overloads In rack PDU overloads Server Issues Power Supplies Manual reset vs. auto Difficulty getting it approved Expected Benefits Improved Confidence Improved Change Control Safer work environments for maintenance Opportunity to operate / exercise standby equipment Hardware validation Peace of Mind Dual Bus Test Results Our Experience 2% Server failure 1st time – 1/2 % Server Failure 2nd Time and trending toward zero subsequent tests Expected Benefits Always better to find problems during a planned event than in a real emergency

Key Takeaways Save Lives & Injuries Action Steps Improving safety Complete an Arc Flash Study Employ Mitigation Strategies Review & Update Safety Standards Train personnel New PPE Standards Understand and trust your “Concurrent Maintainability” Save Lives & Injuries No longer operate breakers – Alliance Generator Test EC vs Facility People – scheduling Training of staff & purchase of PPE Can no longer do it the way we always have De-energized work There are ways to mitigate –

Questions? Thank you Matt Phillips Frank Jenkins Vice President of Business Development, Secretary/Treasurer Matt.Phillips@techsiteplan.com Frank Jenkins Senior Electrical Engineer Frank.Jenkins@techsiteplan.com http://www.techsiteplan.com