Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN The MYRRHA Project Lucia Popescu SCKCEN

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Outlook MYRRHA Motivation Applications catalogue Technical design Project details GUINEVERE (FREYA)

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN MYRRHA - Accelerator Driven System Reactor Subcritical or Critical modes 65 to 100 MWth Accelerator (600 MeV - 4 mA proton) Fast Neutron Source Spallation Source Lead-Bismuth coolant Multipurpose Flexible Irradiation Facility Innovative & Unique ADS experimental demonstrator scalable to an industrial demonstrator corner stone of the ERAER European Technology Pilot Plant for LFR technology

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Applications Catalogue M ultipurpose h Y brid R esearch R eactor for H igh-tech A pplications Waste Fission GEN IV Fusion Fundamental research Silicon doping Radio- isotopes 50 to 100 MWth F Fast = ~10 15 n/cm².s (En>0.75 MeV) F = 1 to n/cm².s (ppm He/dpa ~ 10) in medium-large volumes Material research F Fast = 1 to n/cm².s (En>1 MeV) in large volumes Fuel research Φ tot = 0.5 to n/cm².s F th = 0.5 to n/cm².s (En<0.4 eV) F th = 0.1 to n/cm².s (En<0.4 eV) High-power LINAC 600 MeV – 1 GeV Long irradiation time (transmutation)

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Motivation for Transmutation spent fuel reprocessing no reprocessing Uranium naturel Time (years) Relative radiotoxicity transmutation of spent fuel Duration Reduction 1.000x Volume Reduction 100x

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN MYRRHA – Conceptual Design Reactor Subcritical or Critical modes 65 to 100 MWth Accelerator (600 MeV - 4 mA proton) Fast Neutron Source Spallation Source Lead-Bismuth coolant Multipurpose Flexible Irradiation Facility Innovative & Unique

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Reactor Vessel Reactor Cover Core Support Structure Core Barrel Core Support Plate Jacket Core Reflector Assemblies Dummy Assemblies Fuel Assemblies Spallation Target Assembly and Beam Line Above Core Structure Core Plug Multifunctional Channels Core Restraint System Control Rods, Safety Rods, Mo-99 production units Primary Heat Exchangers Primary Pumps Si-doping Facility Diaphragm IVFS IVFHS IVFHM (1) MYRRHA - Reactor

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN (1) Reactor Layout - Core positions Diameter: 1450 mm k eff ≈0.95 (ADS mode) % MOX fuel 37 multifunctional plugs Fuel Assemblies IPS Total flux (hottest pin)4.7E+15n/cm 2 /s Fast flux above 0.75 MeV (hottest pin) 1.01E+15n/cm 2 /s Dpa(/350 EFPD's) (hottest pin)45 Ppm He/dpa (hottest pin/target zone) 3.8/6.4 Irradiation volume (8 In-Pile Sections) 3700*8cm 3 Spallation target Inlet temperature270°C Coolant delta T130°C Velocity (fuel rod)1.9m/sec Temperature at cladding surface 500°C Maximum linear power370W/cm

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN (2) MYRRHA - Spallation Target Window-target design Windowless-target design Design requirements enough neutrons to feed the sub-critical core at k eff ≈ 0.95 heat evacuation (~ 65 % of the beam power, i.e. ≈ 2.1 MW) spatial constrains must reach an appropriate lifetime LBE => high neutron gain and =>forced convective heat removal

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN (3) MYRRHA - Proton Driver Accelerator characteristics: Fundamental parameters (ADS) Particlep Beam energy600 MeV Beam current4 mA ModeCW MTBF> 250 h Failure= beam trip > 3s implementation Superconducting linac frequency176/352/704 MHz Reliability = redundancy Double injector “fault tolerant” scheme 10

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN implementation of reliability : 3 principles 1.overrating 2.reliability (availability) redundancy 3.repairability principles to be applied to the basic linac layout, but also to much of the ancillary equipment (3) MYRRHA - Proton Driver parallel scheme (double-injector) serial scheme (modular high en. sections)

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN implementation of reliability : 3 principles 1.overrating 2.reliability (availability) redundancy 3.reparability principles to be applied to the basic linac layout, but also to much of the ancillary equipment parallel scheme (double-injector) serial scheme (modular high en. sections) Principle of fault tolerance in the superconducting spoke linac Detection of an RF fault Change RF phase in neighboring cavities Increase RF field in neighboring cavities Increase of 25% field level -> 50% power margin required within < 3 sec (3) MYRRHA - Proton Driver

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN PA within MAX (FP7): IPN Orsay INFN Milano Frankfurt University (3) MYRRHA - Proton Driver

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN MYRRHA on the European Context Energy Independence Knowledge Economy ESFRI European Strategic Forum for Research Infrastructure SET Plan European Strategic Energy Plan Confirmed on ESFRI priority list projects in ESNII (SNETP goals) December 2010 on NuPECC lrp

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Belgian Commitment: Secured International Consortium: under Construction Belgium 60 M€ (12 M€/y x 5 y) 2nd phase (11 y) others 576 M€ Belgium 324 M€ (36 M€/y x 9 y) Consortium 960 M€ (2009)

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN The Project Schedule Front End Engineering Design 2019 On site assembly Construction of components & civil engineering 2015 Tendering & Procurement Commissioning 2023 Progressive start-up Full exploitation FEED (Front End Engineering Design) Minimise technological risks Secure the licensing Secure a sound management and investment structure PDP preliminary dismantling plan PSAR preliminary safety assesment EIAR environmental impact assesment Central Project Team Owner Engineering Team Owner Consortium Group

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN MYRRHA: an International Project

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN International Members Consortium – Phase 1 As of early 2012 INVESTMENT PHASE BE EU countries Asian country EU ROW SCKCEN (on behalf of Belgian Federal Government) EU country Public foundation Asian country EU participation ROW participation Belgian Federal Ministry of Energy (50%) Belgian Federal Ministry of Science Policy (50%) 40 % Major European partners A major Asian partner % EU FP7 (RTD) / SET-Plan (Energy) 15 ~ 20% % % ROW (*) European Research Infrastructure Consortium «ERIC» (*) Contribution to investment capital (960 M€’09) Participation vehicle (Consortium members) Primary «investors» IPR management rules tbd

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN International Members Consortium - Phase 2 OPERATION PHASE Members of Consortium - Individual research of a member of Consortium -Collaborative research amongst members of Consortium - 3 years program commitment CLOSED/ SHARED INFORMATION for MoC Open User Facility - Governments funding - Criteria of research excellence - Independant program access committee (PAC) Collaborative research - Distribution of information to participants Contract research….. Commercial services -RI -NTD Silicon ~25% OPEN INFORMATION SHARED INFORMATION for participants CLOSED INFORMATION for participants «ERIC» (*) (*) European Research Infrastructure Consortium BENEFITS for Members of Consortium Board position to control overal operation Priority of access Potential benefit of low price (compensation profit from commercial revenues) Capacity transfer flexibility (rules tbd) SCKCEN as qualified and licenced operator of the MYRRHA infrastructure under contractual arrangement with ERIC

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Joining the MYRRHA Project Belgium is welcoming international participation in the MYRRHA consortium Membership eligibility for the international MYRRHA consortium is based on a balanced in-cash/in-kind contribution Until end 2014: Partners are invited to express their interest in a participation in the MYRRHA programme by sending an Expression of Interest to SCKCEN by end of August After having received this Expression of Interest, the candidate Partner will confirm the contribution level of its commitment by sending a Commitment Letter by end of December After having received the Commitment Letter, the candidate Partner and SCKCEN will enter immediately into negotiation on their co-operation aiming at the signature of a Bilateral Agreement covering the Investment Phase and/or the Operation Phase. This Bilateral Agreement should be signed and enter into force before the mid 2013.

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Outlook MYRRHA Motivation Applications catalogue Technical design Project details GUINEVERE (FREYA)

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN GUINEVERE – a Step Towards MYRRHA (Generator of UnInterrupted NEutrons at the VEnus REactor) Zero-power fast-n-spectrum SCKCEN (sub-critical & critical mode) Collaborative work within EUROTRANS pulsed continuous continuous with beam interruptions D + source 90° bending magnet D +, D 2 +, D 3 + D+D+ 250 keV acc. GENEPI-3C VENUS-F fast subcritical reactor with solid Pb coolant simulation Ti-T target

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN GUINEVERE: A Modular Fuel Element Design Top lead reflector (40 cm) 8 cm fuel (60 cm active height) rodlets: d = 1.27 cm, h = cm metallic uranium (30 w% U-235)

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN GUINEVERE - Objectives of an ADS zero-power experiment Perform qualification of sub-criticality monitoring  Validate the core power - beam current relationship Investigate start-up and shut-down procedures  Validate instrumentation and perform dedicated experiments Interpret and validate experimental data  Perform code validation activities and benchmarks Study safety and licensing issues of different component parts as well as that of the integrated system as a whole  Identify licensing aspects for a full-scale ADS For different subcriticality levels For different types of cores provide input for MYRRHA

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Outlook MYRRHA Motivation Applications catalogue Technical design Project details GUINEVERE (FREYA)

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Conceptual Design

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Beam-Splitting System (Concept) MeV mA CW 600 MeV ~  A pulsed beam (up to 250 Hz) ~ 60 m long (later upgrade to 1 GeV p) ISOL target station

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Facility Characteristics  based on proven technology (largely based on experience at ISOLDE and TRIUMF)  keep open the possibilities for higher intensity beams  can deliver:  pure RIB: selective ionization, chemistry, M/DM >  intense RIB (x100 compared to the present ISOLDE ‘standard’ RIB)  RIB of good ion optical quality  optimal experimental conditions/lay-out/support (green-field facility!)  extended beam times with stable operation  need very high statistics;  need many time-consuming systematic measurements;  hunt for very rare events;  have an inherent limited detection efficiency.  complementary to ISOL and In-Flight facilities experiments

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Applications Applications) Nuclear Physics Astro- physics Atomic Physics Fundamental Interactions Medical Applications DayWeekMonthYear Typical Beam Time/Experiment Condensed Matter Chemistry Biology , , Q Masses Decay (log ft, P xn/yp ) Reactions ( , B(E2), C 2 S) QED tests in HCI Rare decays: GTGR,  xn/yp, cluster decay, SHE Extreme precision: e.g., crystal spectrometry Prototyping Ft values, Correlations (  -,…), EDM Correlations (  -,...), EDM : Statistics + control systematic effects of setup Mössbauer,  -NMR, PAC, EC-SLI Systematic sample measurements SHE chemistry Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn  -NMR in proteins Systematic sample measurements Radiopharmacy (prototyping) Radiotherapy (prototyping) Systematic production of Radiopharmaceuticals Dedicated radiotherapy center Ultra-high selectivity: LIST configuration Bohr-Weisskopf: A- and g-factors

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Project at SCKCEN - an integral part of the MYRRHA project  Delivery of the proton beam by MYRRHA but  To be developed within a separate consortium Physics experiments (from the focal plane of the separator)  To be set up and run by users  Support by physics group at SCKCEN Conceptual design phase ( ) followed by a basic design in the FEED-phase ( ) R&D on target-ion-source systems and parallel operation with MYRRHA Funded BriX project within IAP programme of BELSPO also during phase 7 ( )

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Project Schedule Conceptual Design Front End Engineering Design 2018 Awarding construction contracts Manufacturing of components & construction 2022 Assembly & Installation Commissioning Exploitation

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Outlook MYRRHA Motivation Applications catalogue Technical design Project details GUINEVERE (FREYA)

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN MYRRHA: EXPERIMENTAL ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEM A pan-European, innovative and unique facility at Mol (BE) ISOL facility

Copyright © 2012 SCKCEN Copyright © SCK  CEN PLEASE NOTE! This presentation contains data, information and formats for dedicated use ONLY and may not be copied, distributed or cited without the explicit permission of the SCKCEN. If this has been obtained, please reference it as a “personal communication. By courtesy of SCKCEN”. SCKCEN Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Stichting van Openbaar Nut Fondation d'Utilité Publique Foundation of Public Utility Registered Office: Avenue Herrmann-Debrouxlaan 40 – BE-1160 BRUSSELS Operational Office: Boeretang 200 – BE-2400 MOL