1. MYRRHA ADS, What’s that ? and what for ?
an International Large Research Infrastructure
and a unique worldwide Irradiation Facility and P&T tool
Prof. Dr. Hamid Aït Abderrahim
SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium or
Copyright © SCK•CEN
Les Journées Accélerateurs, Roscoff (FR), 3-5 October 2011

2. Energy research infrastructure ?
Overview
Energy research infrastructure ?
The MYRRHA project
International Collaboration
MYRRHA International Consortium

3. Facing the Energy Challenge
Electricity generation worldwide
(OECD, 2007)

4. Sustainable Nuclear Fission
nuclear waste
resource utilisation
Enhanced safety
proliferation risk

5. High Level Nuclear Waste
Fuel
U235
U235 n
Actinides
Minor Actinides n
Uranium
Fission n Np Am Cm
U238 Pu
Neutron
U238 n
Plutonium
Neptunium
Americium
Curium
Minor Actinides
high radiotoxicity long lived waste
that are difficult to store due to:
Long lived (>1,000 years)
Highly radiotoxic
Heat emitting

6. Motivation for Transmutation
spent fuel reprocessing
no reprocessing
Uranium
naturel
Time (years)
Relative radiotoxicity
transmutation
of spent fuel
Duration Reduction 1.000x
Volume Reduction 100x

7. Continuity: tradition of «first of a kind»
1st pressurized water reactor (PWR) outside of US (BR3)
Inventor of innovative nuclear fuel (MOX fuel)
Highest performing material testing reactor in Europe (BR2)
World first underground laboratory for R&D on HL waste disposal (HADES)
World first
lead based ADS
(GUINEVERE)
World premiere project for transmutation of nuclear waste

8. MYRRHA - Accelerator Driven System
Reactor
Subcritical or Critical modes
65 to 100 MWth
Accelerator
(600 MeV - 4 mA proton)
Fast
Neutron
Source
Spallation Source
Lead-Bismuth
coolant
Multipurpose
Flexible
Irradiation
Facility
Innovative & Unique

9. Reactor layout Vessel Cover Core barrel Core support plate Core plug
Above core structure
Heat exchangers
Pumps
Diaphragm
Vessel
Cover
Core barrel
Core support plate
Core plug
Above core structure
Heat exchangers
Pumps
Diaphragm
Vessel
Cover
Core barrel
Core support plate
Core plug
Above core structure
Heat exchangers
Pumps
Diaphragm
Vessel
Cover
Core barrel
Core support plate
Core plug
Above core structure
Heat exchangers
Pumps
Diaphragm
Vessel
Cover
Core barrel
Core support plate
Core plug
Above core structure
Heat exchangers
Pumps
Diaphragm
Vessel
Cover
Core barrel
Core support plate
Core plug
Above core structure
Heat exchangers
Pumps
Diaphragm
Vessel
Cover
Core barrel
Core support plate
Core plug
Above core structure
Heat exchangers
Pumps
Diaphragm
Vessel
Cover
Core barrel
Core support plate
Core plug
Above core structure
Heat exchangers
Pumps
Diaphragm
Les Journées Accélerateurs, Roscoff (FR), 2-5 October 2011

10. Cover Main dimensions Material Weight Height: 2m Outer diameter: 8.5m
IVFHM
Wet-sipping device
Main dimensions
Height: 2m
Outer diameter: 8.5m
Material
AISI 316L
Concrete
Weight
About 246ton
Fuel transfer channel
PHX
Pump
LBE-conditioning inlet
Safety valve
Cover gas conditioning system inlet/outlet
Recovery channel
LBE-conditioning outlet
Si-doping channel
© SCK•CEN

11. Core barrel and core support plate
Main dimensions
Height: about 9m
Outer diameter: about 1450mm
Thickness: 20mm
Material
AISI 316L
Core support plate
Thickness: 200mm
T91
© SCK•CEN

12. Diaphragm Main dimensions Material Weight Double plate design Baffle
In-vessel fuel storage
Height: about 7.5m
Outer diameter: 7.3m
Wall thickness: 40mm
Lower plate thickness: 40mm
Upper plate thickness: 80mm
Material
AISI 316L
Weight
About 115ton
© SCK•CEN

13. Diaphragm
© SCK•CEN

14. Core and fuel 151 positions Diameter: 1450mm 37 multifunctional plugs
Spallation target
IPS
Fuel Assemblies

15. Core and fuel
Fuel
Cladding in Ti
Wire wrap

16. Core and fuel

17. Spallation target window
Produces about 1017 neutrons/s at the reactor mid-plane to feed subcritical keff=0.95
Fits into a central hole in core
Compact target
Remove produced heat
Accepts megawatt proton beam
600 MeV, 3.5 mA  ~2.1 MW heat
Cooling of window is feasible
Material challenges
Preferential working temperature: 450 – 500°C
Service life of at least 3 full power months (1 cycle) is achievable

18. Spallation target window
Rotating beam s 15 mm sweep 25 mm
Limited heat deposition at stagnation point
Multi tube concept
3 Concentric inlet tubes

19. Cooling systems Tertiary system: Air Primary system: LBE
Secondary system:
Saturated water/steam
Tertiary system:
Air
PHX
27.5MW
Condenser
55MW
Primary system:
LBE

20. Cooling systems Decay heat removal (DHR) through secondary loops
4 independent loops
redundancy (each loop has 50% to 100% capability)
passive operation (natural convection in primary, secondary and tertiary loop)
Ultimate DHR through RVCS (natural convection)

21. Multipurpose facility
Fuel research
Φtot = 0.5 to n/cm².s
F = 1 to n/cm².s
(ppm He/dpa ~ 10)
in medium-large volumes
Material research
FFast = 1 to n/cm².s
(En>1 MeV) in large volumes
Fission GEN IV
Fusion
Multipurpose
hYbrid
Research
Reactor for
High-tech
Applications
High energy LINAC
600 MeV – 1 GeV
Long irradiation time
50 to 100 MWth
FFast = ~1015 n/cm².s
(En>0.75 MeV)
Fundamental
research
Waste
Fth = 0.5 to n/cm².s
(En<0.4 eV)
Fth = 0.1 to n/cm².s
(En<0.4 eV)
Radio-
isotopes
Silicon
doping

22. MYRRHA International Reviewing
2001: International Strategic Guidance Committee
2002: International Technical Guidance Committee
2003: Review by Russian Lead Reactor Technology Experts (ISTC#2552p project)
2005: Conclusions of the European Commission FP5 Project PDS-XADS ( )
2006: European Commission FP6 Project EUROTRANS ( ): Conclusions of Review and Justification of the main options of XT-ADS starting from MYRRHA
2007: International Assessment Meeting of the Advanced Nuclear Systems Institute
2008: European Commission FP7 Project Central Design Team (CDT) at Mol for MYRRHA detailed design
2009: MIRT of OECD/NEA on request of Belgian Government (see further)

23. Belgian commitment: 40% secured International consortium: under construction
2nd phase (11 y)
others 576 M€
Total investment
960 M EUR
Consortium
Belgium 324 M€
(36 M€/y x 9 y)
Belgium 60 M€
(12 M€/y x 5 y)

24. The next phase of work: 2010-2014
Minimise
technological
risks
Secure
the licensing
Secure a sound
management and investment structure
PDP
preliminary
dismantling
plan
PSAR
preliminary
safety
assesment
EIAR
environmental impact
assesment
Central
Project
Team
Owner
Consortium
Group
Owner
Engineering
Team

25. Project schedule

26. MYRRHA recognised in Europe
Knowledge
Economy
Energy
Independence
ESFRI
European Strategic Forum for Research Infrastructure
SET Plan
European Strategic Energy Plan
Only Belgian
project in ESFRI Roadmap
For Europe MYRRHA is a priority

27. MYRRHA part of ESNII
European Sustainable Nuclear Industrial Initiative
2008
2012
2020
ASTRID Prototype
(SFR)
Reference technology
SFR
LFR
MYRRHA
ETPP European demonstration reactor (LFR)
Alternative technology
GFR
Today, the SRA has identified two technology paths for Fast Neutron Reactor systems:
The Sodium cooled Fast Neutron Reactor technology, which is a proven technology and for which Europe has past experience. But many innovations are needed to bring the technology to the level of competitiveness and safety which is required. The SFR technology is one which France is supporting strongly, with a decision to build a prototype in France in This programme will be open to European and international participation.
An alternative technology which could either be the Lead-cooled Fast Reactor or the Gas-cooled Fast Reactor technology. Decisions on the choice of alternative technology will be made around 2012, followed by the construction of a demonstrator plan in Europe around 2020.
in support of these reactor demonstration projects, research infrastructures and fuel cycle facilities will be needed.
We estimate the cost of this initiative to around 6 to 10 billion € depending on technical options.
Supporting infrastructures, research facilities
ALLEGRO
Experimental reactor
(GFR)
MYRRHA
Fast spectrum irradiation facility 27

28. Forging strong partnerships and alliances in Europe and worldwide
In-cash
In-kind
FP7
EII
Belgium: 40%
( )
Engineering EU
Member
States
Building EU
ROW
Equipment
loan
EIB
Owners’ Consortium Group
Co-sharing investment cost
Co-sharing exploitation cost
Privileged access conditions
Alliances
Securing revenues from Users’ Group

29. MYRRHA: an international project29

30. International Members Consortium – Phase 1
INVESTMENT PHASE
International Members Consortium – Phase 1
Primary «investors»
Participation vehicle
(Consortium members)
Contribution to investment capital
(960 M€’09)
«ERIC» (*)
IPR
management rules tbd
SCK•CEN
(on behalf of Belgian
Federal
Government) BE
Belgian Federal Ministry
of Energy
(50%)
40 %
Belgian Federal Ministry
of Science Policy (50%)
Major European partners
EU country
Public foundation
EU countries
25-30 %
A major Asian partner
15 ~ 20 %
Asian country
Asian country
EU FP7 (RTD) / SET-Plan (Energy)
EU participation
2 -10 % EU
ROW
ROW participation
0 -10 %
ROW
(*) European Research Infrastructure Consortium

31. International Members Consortium - Phase 2
OPERATION PHASE
International Members Consortium - Phase 2
«ERIC» (*)
CLOSED/
SHARED
INFORMATION
for MoC
Members of Consortium
Individual research of a member of Consortium
Collaborative research amongst members of Consortium
- 3 years program commitment
~25%
BENEFITS for Members of Consortium
Board position to control overal operation
Priority of access
Potential benefit of low price (compensation profit from commercial revenues)
Capacity transfer flexibility (rules tbd)
OPEN INFORMATION
Open User Facility
Governments funding
Criteria of research excellence
Independant program access committee (PAC)
~25%
SCK•CEN
as qualified and licenced operator of the MYRRHA infrastructure under contractual arrangement with ERIC
SHARED INFORMATION
for participants
Collaborative research
- Distribution of information to participants
~25%
CLOSED
INFORMATION
for participants
Contract research…..
Commercial services RI
NTD Silicon
~25%
(*) European Research Infrastructure Consortium

32. Joining the MYRRHA project
Belgium is welcoming international participation in the MYRRHA consortium
Membership eligibility for the international MYRRHA consortium is based on a balanced in-cash/in-kind contribution
Until end 2014, our objectives are:
to collect Letters of Intent for participation in the MYRRHA International Consortium (deadline mid 2012)
to sign Memoranda of Understanding for collaboration in MYRRHA with international partners (deadline mid 2014)
To finalise the Consortium legal framework (deadline end 2014)

33. MYRRHA: EXPERIMENTAL ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEM
A pan-European, innovative and unique facility
Time horizon: full operation ~ 2023
Costs: ~ EUR 960 million

34. Copyright notice Copyright © 2011 - SCKCEN
All property rights and copyright are reserved.
Any communication or reproduction of this document, and any communication or use of its content without explicit authorization is prohibited. Any infringement to this rule is illegal and entitles to claim damages from the infringer, without prejudice to any other right in case of granting a patent or registration in the field of intellectual property.
SCK•CEN
Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie
Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire
Stichting van Openbaar Nut
Fondation d'Utilité Publique
Foundation of Public Utility
Registered Office: Avenue Herrmann-Debrouxlaan 40 – BE-1160 BRUSSEL
Operational Office: Boeretang 200 – BE-2400 MOL