Company LOGO Dr. Tofail Md. Alamgir Azad, Project Director, DSK-Shiree Project Md. Abdul Baten, Coordinator- Research, DSK-Shiree Project Dushtha Shasthya Kendra (DSK) April 22, 2012 Lessons from DSK-Shiree Project Targeting of Extreme Poor in the Slums of Dhaka City Moving from Extreme Poverty through Economic Empowerment

2 Background Urban poverty in one of the big challenges to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 5 million people are living at the 4,966 slums of Dhaka city and they are the 40% of the total population of the city 300,000 to 400,000 new migrants are coming at Dhaka city in every year Every ten year population is becoming double in Dhaka city A large portions are coming from disaster prone areas including Monga affected, Coastal, Haor, CHT & many others pockets Large portions of them are extreme poor Contributing in different important sectors- such as garments, textiles, leather and other small industries, transportation, land development, construction, domestic helps, businesses, waste management and many other informal But they are the most neglected communities to the society and the state

Company LOGO Project Goal and Purpose Goal To Contribute Government of Bangladesh MDG targets 1 and 2 on income poverty and hunger achieved by 2015 Purpose 10,000 households in urban slums of Dhaka city have lifted themselves out of extreme poverty by 2012

4 Major Outputs 1.25,000 Extreme poor women are supported through accumulation of physical and financial capital 2.Organize and collective effort enhanced extreme poor HHs through formation and strengthening of 250 CBOs 3.Increased access to water, sanitation, and health services 4.Enhanced technical and business capabilities of 25,000 extreme poor households

Company LOGO Working Model of the Project

Company LOGO `yt¯’ ¯^v¯’¨ †K›`ª (DSK)

7 Why targeting is an issues??? Up to late nineties, most of the cases, actual extreme poor were not got much attention from many of the development initiatives; As all we know that the one of the most effective project was TUP of BRAC through asset transfer to Extreme poor; Real change from extreme poverty, special attention is required; So targeting of real extreme poor is needed extra attention and precautions;

8 Who are the extreme poor Economic indicator from World Bank: Income less than U$ 1.25 per capita per day Nutritional indicator: Calorie intake per capita per day which may be another indicators which is not easy to apply at the field; So some operational definitions and fixing up some useable indications are required which may adapted based on the local situations; So some operational definitions and fixing up some useable indications are required which may adapted based on the local situations;

Company LOGO 1.Occupations- House maid, Day labor, Cobbler, Road side Barber, Push cart driver, Old age women beggar, disabled male beggar and other those are not able to earn 2.Widow/ divorced/separated and abandoned women as head of household 3.One room for the family: House rent is not more than 2,000 taka (1,000 was in 2009 and 1,500 was in ) 4.Household include disable or economically inactive member 5.Disable beggar (Male/ female) Supplementary major Criteria 1.Income level is <BDT 5,000/month/HH (3,000 was in 1 st year/ 2009 and 4,500 was in 2 nd year/ ) 2.No access to Micro-Finance Institutions Essential Criteria Selection for Beneficiaries Households Selection for Beneficiaries Households

Company LOGO  Targeting from the bottom 10% of poorest people following the agreed specific criteria including some essential and supplementary criteria  Maintaining the proper follow up mechanisms at every steps  Community participation using PRA tools such as Social mapping, Wealth ranking (have limitation in urban)  Door to door visit for the survey to check real situation  Family approach should be consider during selection of interventions/ IGA plan  Need to avoid the targeting drip/ mis-targeting Targeting of Real Extreme Poor

Company LOGO Cross checked by field team Door to Door survey to check the criteria Wealth ranking Sensitization of the community and local service providers Selection of geographical locations/ Social mapping Mobilization of staff members Development of operational criteria based on local situation Targeting process Consider for avoiding the targeting drip/ mis-targeting Continue to check before actual interventions Conduct the baseline/ profile data Finalizing the lists Verification from the shiree team Cross checked by head quarters

Company LOGO Strength:  DSK has very well reputation and acceptance to the slum dwellers as they are providing different interventions since last 23 years;  Since earlier a number of CBOs are active especially for WASAN and health related interventions  A group of committed staff members  Slum dweller are stay in cluster basis so geographically we can reach within short time;  Project have provided a very attractive amount of supports (up to taka 30,000 for a households)  Opportunities:  DSK have opportunities with integration with other core program such as WATSAN and health interventions  Slum dweller have many options of IGAs as they are staying within Dhaka city and access in large market SWOT analysis on targeting

Company LOGO Weakness:  Slum people has very week ties within themselves as they have come from different corner of the country;  Some people have hiding tendency of information at primary stage;  Threats:  Evictions  Fire explorations  Internal and external migration SWOT analysis

Company LOGO  Targeting vs Graduation !!!!  Always have to attention to avoid the targeting drips  Challenging to use PRA tools such as wealth ranking  Most of the adult area have no formal education  Selection of IGAs for disable, elderly people, fully women headed family, and beggars Challenges in targeting

Company LOGO  Slum dwellers are staying within a large market in Dhaka city  Business and many other income opportunities are there  DSK has long experience and excellent rapports with slum dwellers Advantages

Company LOGO Target- 25, 000 BHHs Phase I (Apr’09-Mar’12)- 10,00 ( ) Phase II (Apr’12-Mar’15)-15,000 (15,000 with the year 2012) Total Human Resource Phase I- Staff members- 107 and CBO Cadres- 18 Phase II- Staff members- 126 and CBO Cadres- 17 Budgets- Phase I- BDT 376,623,058 ( million)- unspent BDT 209,046,343 Phase II- BDT 339,046,343 ( million) Allocations per HH Phase I- BDT 28,228 Phase II- BDT 21,000+ Cost of ratio Phase I- Beneficiary- 80% and Management- 20% Phase II- Beneficiary- 70% and Management- 30% Allocated of Resources

Company LOGO  Operational criteria should be in place at the beginning  All steps should be followed properly  Since the beginning of targeting cross checking and verification mechanisms must be followed as first phase; Recommendations

Company LOGO Findings from Quarterly Survey (CMS-3) conducted by Shiree Quarterly surveys are conducted by Shiree/ Cambridge University Team Pre-coded well structured questionnaires Sample size was 64 BHHs selected for 1 st year (2009) households (32 from Korail & 32 from Kamrangirchar) and another 64 households were added from 2 nd year (2010) households Multistage cluster sampling method was used

Company LOGO Timeline of previous surveys Baseline- October 2009 (63 households) Round 1- March 2010 (separate 64 households) Round 2- July 2010 (same 63 households of round 1) Round 3- November 2010 (same 50 households of round 1) Round 4- March (57+64)- 57 was same as households of round 1 (longitudinal/ panel, and new 64/ 57 households was sampled from the households selected in 2 nd year (2010)

Changes of Occupation of Household Head/ Adult 1 in Oct 2009 and Mar 2011

Changes of cash income per households in last month since Oct 2009 to Mar 2011 in Median

Changes of food intake in last 7 days in Oct 2009 and Mar 2011

Changes of food security indicators in Oct 2009 to Mar 2011

Company LOGO `yt¯’ ¯^v¯’¨ †K›`ª (DSK) Let's Start Eliminate Poverty Together! For A Bright Future of Extreme poor !! Thanks for being with us!!