Chapter 4 Section 5 Southeast Asia Amanda York & Nina Humphrey

Southeast Asia is…. A place where different cultures have coexisted since the days of the Roman Empire. Dominant influences: India and China and adapted art from these influences Coastal areas were Indianized in the first century. Hindu and Buddhist rulers developed a government called “cult of the god-king.” The king thought himself to be much like a Hindu god. The king was the main model for society. Climate is thick with forest, mountains and tropical heat. Home to widely diverse people. People speak over 250 dialects and languages.

Countries and Art Review Question # 3 List seven countries in Southeast Asia and a type of art created in each area. Cambodia- Khmer Art Laos- Religious Buddhist architecture. Thailand- Thai potters created cealadon glazes. Vietnam- Bronze weaponry, bronze utensils and royal objects Malaysia- Produced distinctive mosques Indonesia- Cosmic Mountain, Borobudur Java- Buddhist architecture

Dominating religion: Buddhism Intermixed with Hindu traditions. All images had a strictly Cambodian facial features. Ex. (fig. 4-54) Buddha Enthrone, 10th century. Khmer. Bronze. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas. Here Buddha is placed with a creature in which devours and reproduces time Buddhist Influence affects mostly area of Burma, Thailand. Declined in Java with the fall of the Shailendras in 856. Dominated the cultures of Burma, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. Chedis is a Buddhist Stupa

Thailand… -Buddha is one of the most popular icons 12th century-art and architecture was a high point. The first Thai Kingdom originated in the late 1200’s at Sukothai. Architecture and sculpture ideas came from the Khmers and the Dvaravati kingdom. Large artwork of Buddha formed with clay, brick, and stucco and then covered with gold leaf. Thai potters created cealadon glaes. The covered box, (4-56) is an example of the designs and taste of the traditions of the Thais. Bangkok was Thai capital in 1782. Architecture blended Asian and European influences from western nations. The Royal Palace is a European influence.

Thailand Timeline C.550 AD-700 AD…Dvaravati Period C.700 AD-100 AD…Hindu-Javanese Style 1022 AD-1250 AD…Cambodian 1250 AD-1378 AD…Dominance, Sukhotia Period 1378 AD-1767 AD…Ayuthia Period

Thailand stoneware Background: covered box. Sawankhaloke kilns, Thailand, 14-15 centuries Bottom Corner: Thailand stoneware, 15-16 centuries

Review Question # 4 How does the Royal Palace in Bangkok combine the architecture of Thailand and the West? Ideas about architecture and sculpture came from the Khmers and remnants of the Dvaravati Kingdom. The Palace shows a European influence in the base, arches, columns and windows. The roof is distinctively Thai.

Cambodia Khmer empire was during the 800’s. The greatest empire was during 12 & 13th century in now what is called Cambodia. Each Khmer ruler made his own national temple called a wat. Wats portray divine images of the ruler and then later served their mausoleums (tomb). Wats reflect Hindu influence in tall stone towers mounted with sculptures of local religious heroes. Examples of god-king temples Angkor Wat (fig. 4-52): built in 1150- Dedicated to Vishnu Tower Of Bayon, Angkor Thom, 12-13th centuries, Cambodia Features the head of King Jayavarman VII (fig. 4-53)’

Angkor Wat Cambodia Located in northeast Cambodia capital of the Khmer (Cambodian) empire from the 9th to the 15th century AD in the period of the classic ear of Cambodia history

Cambodia Timeline C. 550 BC-150 BC Bronze age C. 150 BC-600 AD Dong Son Culture Funan (Bronze) 600 AD -802 AD Early Khmer Style Chen-la 802 AD-897 AD Koulen 877 AD-1002 AD First Angkor Period 1002 AD-1201 AD Second Angkor Period 1201 AD-1437 AD Siamese Dominance Sack of Angkor

Tower of Bayon Temple Built in the late 12th century to early 13th Built of sandstone Detraction possible due to rain, plants, and settlements

Review Question #1 In what modern country was the Khmer empire located? Why did each Khmer ruler construct a wat? -Cambodia -Each Khmer ruler constructed a wat to perpetuate themselves and their power and also served as a tomb for when they die.

Indonesia Made up of five main islands Buddhism reached political height with the Shailendia Kingdom in the 9th century. 7 wonders of the ancient world in the artificial cosmic-mountain known as Borodudor. Borobudor Bass relief carvings, symbolically represent the cosmos The low levels represent hell and eternal punishment. The images are very grotesque. The next five layers represent humanity’s adventures Sculptures show body proportions, and movement of figures.

Buddha Enthroned

Borobudur A giant Buddhist monument constructed in the 9th century AD Located in Indonesia There is a Buddha in each of the wells at Borobudur that is guarded by bells

Review Question # 2 Describe Borobudur in Java. Why did the Shailendras cover the lower levels of this stupa with dirt ramparts? - Borobudor Bass relief carvings, symbolically represent the cosmos The low levels represent hell and eternal punishment. The images are very grotesque. That’s why they covered them. The next five layers represent humanity’s adventures Sculptures show body proportions, and movement of figures.

Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia Vietnam became independent from China, then the Chinese influence carried over to Laos which resulted in Buddhist architecture. Thail and Lao traditions: Wat Xieng Thong is an example of culture blends. In 9th and 15th centuries Islam spread in Malaysia and Indonesia Mosques were produces Bronze weaponry, bronze utensils and royal objects. Musicans played the gamelon: drums, wooden instruments and gongs all made with geometric abstract patterns. Portuguese, Dutch and British settlers arrived in Southeast Asia in 16th century. Incorporated western ideas into art and architecture. British and Dutch funded support for local sultans As a result, they devoted much time reviving traditional art.

Wat Xieng Thong Location: Prabang, Laos Name means Temple of the Golden City Build c. 1560 by King Setthathirat

Review Question # 5 What is an Indonesian batik? How is it made? Artists produced bronze weaponry and printed fabrics. These fabrics are called batik and made from wax stencil dyeing processes.

Review Question # 6 Describe the instruments found in an Indonesian gamelon. Instruments found in Indonesia are: An orchestra of drums, wooden wind instruments and sets of bronze gongs. All highly ornamented with geometric and curvilinear abstract patterns.