1. NON WESTERN ART SOUTHEAST ASIA

2. Cambodia Indonesia Burma/ Myanmar Thailand Vietnam Laos Malaysia

3. SOUTHEAST ASIA SE Asia is a geographic zone where different cultures have mingled, coexisted or dominated each other since the days of the Roman Empire Two dominant influences: India and China Southeast Asians adapted rather than imitated their art and government Some coastal areas became “indianized” in the first century Adopted Hindu and Buddhist faiths Rulers developed form of gov’t called “cult of the god- king” King identified himself with a god- usually Hindu gods Shiva or Vishnu Ruler became model for society and had blessings of gods in his earthly rule

4. SOUTHEAST ASIA

6. FYI’S Southeast Asia is home to widely diverse people, speaking over 250 dialects and languages

7. CAMBODIA Khmer empire started in the 800’s Greatest Khmer empire established between 12 th and 13 th centuries – now called Cambodia Khmer rulers established their own immense temples called a wat Wat- Thai, Laotian temple or Khmer pagoda Temples perpetuated divine image of the ruler, later served as their mausoleum Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom- two of finest god-king temples Fun fact about Angkor Thom- same king that built it also built over 100 hospitals and rest stops- dedicated to protection of Buddha. Future rulers replaced Buddhism with Hinduism however, and magnificent Angkor Thom abandoned

8. CAMBODIA Angkor Temples These temples reflect strong Hindu influence Sculptures of Hindu and local religious heroes Walls decorated with Hindu mythology Small niches inside temples filled with stone or bronze images of deities Temple of Angkor Wat dedicated to Vishnu (protector) Bayon (Thom) features head of King Jayavarman VII depicted as bodhisattva Lokeshvara throughout the temple complex In movies…

9. CAMBODIA Buddhism entered Cambodia and became intermixed with Hindu traditions Buddhist images were cast in unique style Facial features were distinctly Cambodian Next slide- niche created for Buddha incorporating the Hindu kala-makara, a serpentlike creature that devours and repreduces time Flames, decorations and tiny figures part of Buddhist and Hindu iconography Iconography- symbols used in a work of art, symbols used during like period to establish artwork interpretation

10. RANDOM

11. CAMBODIA Buddha Enthroned 10 th Century Khmer Empire Bronze Ironically- even though Buddhism denounces worldly possessions and wealth, Khmer kings frequently showed wealth and power- hallmark of times

12. INDONESIA Buddhist influences most strongly affected Burma (Myanmar), Thailand, Sumatra and Java Sumatra and Java- two important islands of Indonesia Indonesia made up of 5 main islands and hundreds of smaller islands Buddhism reached greatest political height with Shailendra kingdom in 9 th century Java Architects created one of the seven wonders of the ancient world- Borobudor

13. INDONESIA Borobudor is a stupa that has 10 levels Bas-relief carvings on the lower 6 layers represent the cosmos Bas relief- slightly higher than flat background Lowest level represents hell and torment Images were so grotesque that Shailendras themselves covered the images with dirt ramparts Next five layers represent humanity’s earthly adventures Walkways on each square level lined with Buddhist teachings Sculptures show realistic understanding of proportion, overlapping planes to show depth and graceful movement in figures

14. THAILAND

15. INDONESIA Sculptures with Burobudor provide historical records of clothing, architecture and ship building styles of the times Four round layers finish off the top of the stupa, representing supernatural elements Largest Buddhist temple of all time Over 500 individual Buddha statues grace its interior Buddhism declined after the Shailendras, but continued to dominate other neighboring countries Art as used in religious ceremonies

16. INDONESIA Individual stupas as decoration

17. INDONESIA

18. Ragidup are constructed from five components—two side panels joined to a larger central section consisting of a large panel in the middle and two end panels adorned with complex geometric designs executed in supplementary weft (a decorative technique in which additional crosswise threads are added to the textile during weaving). In each ragidup, one end panel is considered "male" and the other "female," the gender being determined by the specific patterns used. The ornamentation of the central field varies, here consisting of a bold series of longitudinal stripeMet Museum of Art Ceremonial Textile ( Ulos Ragidup ), late 19th–early 20th century Toba Batak people, Sumatra, Indonesia Cotton; L. 42 1/2 in.

19. INDONESIA Puppet Head ( Si Gale–gale ), late 19th– early 20th century Toba Batak people, Sumatra, Indonesia Wood, brass, lead alloy, water buffalo horn, pigment; H. 11 1/4 in If person died childless- these puppets were controlled to perform funerary rights to allow person to have same prominence after death

20. BURMA (MYANMAR) AND THAILAND Burmese art and architecture- high point in 12 th century with construction of many bell shaped stupa temples in capital Pagan Distinctive Thai architecture originated in same time period with formation of first Thai kingdom at Sukothai in norther Chao Phraya valley Stupas were constructed in the style of Burmese and Khmers Immense images of Buddha formed in clay, brick and stucco and covered in gold leaf

21. THAILAND Ayuthaya Temples Thailand

22. THAILAND Royal Palace Bangkok Thailand 19 th Century

23. BURMA (MYANMAR)/ THAILAND Thai potters for royal courts created distinctive celedon glazes Thai equivalents of blue and white porcelain were made Very decorative Exquisite desings reflected taste and traditions

24. BURMA (MYANMAR) / THAILAND Antique Thai Incised Stoneware Pottery Kendi Vessel Fish Sawankhaloke kilns

25. VIETNAM, LAOS AND MALAYSIA Chinese culture directly influenced a small area of Southeast Asia Vietnam became independent of China in the 10 th century, Chinese culture was nonetheless emulated in its courts with bronze castings and construction of Buddhist temples Influence carried over to neighboring Laos Resulting Buddhist architecture is a mix of Chinese, Thai and Lao traditions Wat Xieng Thong roof- Chinese, overlapping roof lines- Thai, decorative detail- Lao styleThong

26. VIETNAM, LAOS AND MALAYSIA Islam became established in coastal Malaysia and Indonesia between 9 th and 15 th centuries Architects produced distinctive mosques Artists also produced elaborate bronze weaponry (wavy edge kris dagger)

27. VIETNAM, LAOS AND MALAYSIA

28. Printed fabrics known as batik was one of the most notable art forms to come out of this area Batik- coloring or dyeing process using wax stencil to protect design areas from coloration by dying cloth or paper Elegant and sophisticated court life required well crafted bronze utensils and bejeweled royal objects Court musicians played on instruments that were heavily decorated with geometric and abstract patterns

29. VIETNAM, LAOS AND MALAYSIA Batik example Few images have survived over the years

30. VIETNAM, LAOS AND MALAYSIA Example of bronze utensils

31. SOUTHEAST ASIA RECAP Lots of influence from larger surrounding countries Artwork based strongly on religion Increase in usage of color Interpreted artistic styles and personalized them

32. QUESTIONS In what modern country was the Khmer empire located? Why did each Khmer ruler construct a wat? What is a wat? Describe Borobudor in Java. Why did the Shailendras cover the lower layer of this stupa with dirt ramparts? How does the royal palace in Bangkok combine the architecture of Thailand and the west? What is batik? How is it made?