Part I: Petrine Era (4) Revolt and Culture

I. Main Themes 1.Continuous popular unrest, especially on borderlands 2.Bulavin Uprising : major Cossack insurrection 3.Most resistance is passive evasion 4.Critical role of state in cultural change 5.Emergence of political and social thought 6.New Westernizing culture: change concentrated in elites 7.Major increase, change in print culture 8.Popular culture

II. Revolt and Opposition 1.Siberian revolts of 1690s 2.Streltsy, Astrakhan rebellion, Bulavin uprising a. Causes b. “Seditious letters” 5.Peasant disorders 6.Elite opposition 7.Results

Strel’tsy

Kondratii Bulavin

Bulavin’s “Seditious Letters” “One must not be silent and allow evil people, princes, boyars, tax profiteers (pribyl’shchiki), and Germans to commit evil deeds.” “We having nothing to do with the common people; we are concerned with the boyars and whoever commits injustice.”

Peasant Statements at Preobrazhenskii Prikaz “What kind of tsar is this? It’s a monster, who is devouring his own tsardom.” “What kind of tsar is he? All are being dragged into service; the entire country is devastated.” “What kind of tsar is he? He has ruined the peasants, their homes have been emptied, their children orphaned, and all are caused to suffer.” “What kind of tsar is this? He orders us to shave our beards, wear pagan clothes, smoke tobacco, drink freely…. I don’t want to live if I must shave off my beard.”

III Culture 1.State Culture 2.Social and political thought: Saltykov, Kurbatov, Pososhkov 3.Education 4.Elite culture a.“Westernization” b.Print Culture c. Literature, Arts 5.Popular Culture

Winter Palace

Academy of Sciences

Kunstkamera

Decree on Kunstkamera (1719) “It is well known that, in human nature and among animals and birds, it happens that monsters (monstry) are born, i.e., freaks, which are collected in all states like something wondrous.” Offer to subjects: generous payment, no questions asked

Petrine Schools Navigational School (1701) Artillery School (1701) Gymnasium (1707) Medical School (1707) Engineering School (1712) Cipher Schools (1716)

Petrine Schooling

St. Petersburg Vedomosti First Number (1703)

Church (Cyrillic) Script

Church-script (Cyrillic) Text

Secular Script: Petrine Editing

Geometry: First Book Published in Civil Script (1708)

Peter’s Personal Library SubjectPercent Religion28 Military28 Literature4 Geography9 History9 Miscellaneous22

Composition of Published Titles (1,877) in CategoryPercent of Titles Laws, regulations44% Official notices15% Religious texts24% Military texts8% Technology, calendars8% Literature0.2%

Printing: Growth in Titles YearNumber of titles

1710 List of Subjects Published Etiquette of letter writing Geometry Strategies of military storming Fortification Artillery Geography History of Alexander the Great Description of Triumphal Gates (Poltava)

Some Firsts 1701 First reading primer 1703 Math book using Arabic numbers 1708 Civil Script

Ivan Nikitin: Peter on Death Bed (1725)

Andrei Matveev: Allegory of Painting (1725)