Looking at: “Modes of Symbolization” by Nelson Goodman and “Philosophers and the Dance” by David Michael Levin Prepared by: Smeli Porterfield and Adrienne Chuck Edited by: Dr. Picart and Donna Gallagher

Aims of Session Overview of Goodman’s articles “Modes of Symbolization” and “Afterword” Class Activity to understand Goodman’s article Overview of Levin’s article “Philosophers and the Dance” Discussion of themes from articles

Key Concepts and Terms Symbols Resemblance Representation The “innocent eye” Expression

Symbols “Symbol” is a general term used by Goodman to include –Letters, words –Texts –Pictures, diagrams –Maps –Models –and more (excluding implications of the oblique and the occult)

Resemblance & Representation

The “Innocent Eye”

Expression

Art and Science

According to Goodman’s article, must a picture resemble an object in order to represent, or be a symbol of, that object?

Are facial expressions and emotions displayed with unity throughout different cultures?

According to Goodman, what do the movements of modern dance exemplify and what do they absolutely not exemplify?

Three Elementary Species of Reference

What is meant by the Kantian dictum that states: the innocent eye is blind and the virgin mind empty?

Key Concepts and Terms Lack of Dance as a subject for philosophy Role of Patriarchal Western Society Role of religion on how we view our bodies Dualism Phenomenology Three levels of critical interpretation

What gender issues are prevalent in the realm of dance?

Patriarchal Roots of Dance

According to Levin, what effect does the Christian view of crucifixion have on our views toward the body?

How does the idea of dualism relate to the question of Dance in Philosophy?

Why does Levin see phenomenology as being a hope for bringing Dance into philosophy?

What are the three levels of critical appreciation and interpretation Levin states must be involved in an adequate philosophical approach to a work of art?

Where do you see dance headed as a topic for philosophical discussion? Do you think Levin was right in thinking phenomenology will be the door opener to this field?