Environmental aspects of using alternative fuels and biofuels Vladimír Vlk Adviser for sustainable energy and transport 13 th – 14 th October 2011 Prague, Czech Republic

Consumption of the energy sources in the Czech Republic

Potentials for the Czech Republic  The potential for the use of renewable energy sources within Czech Republic amounts to 217 PJ/year to 2020, which corresponds more than 45 % of the present-day primary energy consumption.  The renewable energy potential is assessed considering restrictions on the areas which could be used for collectors and solar cells, for wind power sites, or for energy crop cultivation.  According to statistics, electricity from hydropower, wind, and solar power plants is defined as primary energy.  The biggest potential has biomass (77,8 % from global energy) which is as much as usable in all regions of the Czech Republic.

Biofuels for Transport in the latest documents of the Government  Government Resolution 1080/2006, - use of biofuels without any support and subsidies.  Government Resolution 173/2007, Ministry of Industry and Trade shall prepare multiannual program for subsequent use of biofuels in transport.  Government Resolution 531/2007, Ministry of Agriculture shall prepare draft programme for support of high grade blends and pure biofuels according to art. 16, par., 5 of the Directive 2003/96/ES.

Reasons for using of biofuels  Reduction of dependence on fossil fuels resources (improvement of energy supply security);  Stabilization of greenhouse gas emissions;  New opportunities for agricultural sector;

Support of biofuels  Promotion of high percentage blends (over 10%) or pure biofuels based on Multi-annual program of subsequent use of biofuels for transport;  After European Commission approval the biofuels component will be subject of exemption of excise duty;

Low Percentage Blending of Biofuels Act No. 180/2007 Coll. Low Percentage Blending of Biofuels [%] Source: Act No. 180/2007 Coll.

Biodiesel production in the Czech Republic Biodiesel production from 1992 until 2008 [thousand tons] Source: Ministry of Industry and Trade

Sustainability Criteria for Biofuels 1 Well to Wheels Analysis of Biofuels vs. Conventional Fossil Fuels Source: Well-to-Wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and power trains in the European context

Sustainability Criteria for Biofuels 2 Verification that forests are not being cut down for palm oil plantations Source: Directive 2009/30/EC

Alternative fuels and propulsion  Gaseous fuels (compressed natural gas /CNG/, liquefied petroleum gas /LPG/ and biogas);  Biofuels (first generation biofuels e.g. bioethanol from wheat and sugar beet, biodiesel from rapeseed and second generation biofuels a.g. bioethanol from wood and straw and Fischer Tropsch diesel);  Hydrogen technology;

Program of public administration vehicle fleet replacement for environmentally friendly vehicles

Why was the Program set up?  Decrease in production of greenhouse gas emissions;  Improve air quality;  Increase in demand for environmentally friendly vehicles;  Decrease in environmentally friendly vehicles price;

Aims of the Program  Achievement of at least 25 % share of environmentally friendly vehicles in total amount of vehicles in public government by ;  Demonstration of environmentally friendly behaviour;  Program is focused on passenger cars and light commercial vehicles;

Definition of environmentally friendly vehicles (1) Environmentally friendly vehicle must fulfill emission standard EURO 5, eventually higher, and at the same time the following CO2 emission limits : vehicles category I., i.e. engine power up to 60 kW ◦ emission limit CO 2 up to 135 g/km (positive ignition engine); ◦ emission limit CO 2 up to 120 g/km (compress ignition engine); vehicles category II., i.e. engine power from 61 kW to 80 kW ◦ emission limit CO 2 up to 155 g/km (positive ignition engine); ◦ emission limit CO 2 up to 130 g/km (compress ignition engine);

Definition of environmentally friendly vehicles (2) vehicles category III., i.e. engine power from 81 kW to 120 kW ◦ emission limit CO 2 up to 170 g/km (positive ignition engine); ◦ emission limit CO 2 up to 145 g/km (compress ignition engine); vehicles category IV., i.e. engine power over 121 kW ◦ emission limit CO 2 up to 200 g/km (positive ignition engine); ◦ emission limit CO 2 up to 170 g/km (compress ignition engine); Natural gas vehicles and flexi fuel vehicles do not have to fulfill these emission limits CO 2.

Shale gas exploration sites in Europe

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