The Byzantine Empire The Split of Rome and the foundations for Russia

Eastern Europe: Heir to the Byzantine Empire- What was the geography of Eastern Europe? What was the geography of Eastern Europe? Who are the people that make up this area? Who are the people that make up this area? Kievan Russia: What is that all about? Kievan Russia: What is that all about? What impact did the Mongols have on Russia? What impact did the Mongols have on Russia?

The Byzantine Empire Out of Rome Into Russia

The Byzantine Empire was the eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived for a thousand years after the western half had crumbled into various feudal kingdoms and which finally fell to Ottoman Turkish onslaughts in The Byzantine Empire was the eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived for a thousand years after the western half had crumbled into various feudal kingdoms and which finally fell to Ottoman Turkish onslaughts in The city of Byzantium grew from an ancient Greek colony founded on the European side of the Bosporus. The city of Byzantium grew from an ancient Greek colony founded on the European side of the Bosporus.

The Empire at it’s Height The empire withstood attacks from the Persians, Slavs, Arabs, Vikings, Mongols and the Turks The empire withstood attacks from the Persians, Slavs, Arabs, Vikings, Mongols and the Turks The empire was able to hold on to the Balkans and parts of Asia minor. The empire was able to hold on to the Balkans and parts of Asia minor. The strong central gov’t helped keep the empire in tact. The strong central gov’t helped keep the empire in tact.

Where exactly was this empire? Geography & History Questions The empire generally is known to last from about 500 AD The empire generally is known to last from about 500 AD Built on the Eastern portion of the Roman Empire. While the west was falling, the east maintained the culture of Rome. Built on the Eastern portion of the Roman Empire. While the west was falling, the east maintained the culture of Rome. The major city was Constantinople. The major city was Constantinople.

Age of Justinian He rebuilt the Hagia Sophia He rebuilt the Hagia Sophia

Byzantium The Byzantine emperor Justinian ( CE) is best remembered for organizing ancient Roman laws into a collection of civil laws known today as Justinian's Code. It was so successful, that later rulers only added to it or updated it periodically. Justinian's Code became the foundation of medieval law, and was even used by the Roman Catholic Church. Today, international law still uses some concepts first assembled by Justinian. Byzantium The Byzantine emperor Justinian ( CE) is best remembered for organizing ancient Roman laws into a collection of civil laws known today as Justinian's Code. It was so successful, that later rulers only added to it or updated it periodically. Justinian's Code became the foundation of medieval law, and was even used by the Roman Catholic Church. Today, international law still uses some concepts first assembled by Justinian.

Code of Laws Corpus Juris Civilis “Body of Civil Law” Corpus Juris Civilis “Body of Civil Law” Included Roman ideals Included Roman ideals This sets the foundations for civil and church laws This sets the foundations for civil and church laws Law was meant to unite an empire (one law for all people) Law was meant to unite an empire (one law for all people)

Classical Contributions to the Development of Law Greece first direct democracydefined roles of citizen in government Rome Laws of the Twelve Tables first law code that applied to all people Byzantium Justinian's Codefoundation of medieval law

Justice is the set and constant purpose which gives to every man his due. jurisprudence is the knowledge of things divine and human, the science of the just and the unjust.... The precepts of the law are these: to live honestly, to injure no one, and to give every man his due. The study of law consists of two branches, law public and law private. The former relates to the welfare of the Roman State; the latter to the advantage of the individual citizen. Of private law then we may say that it is of threefold origin, being collected from the precepts of nature, from those of the law of nations, or from those of the civil law of Rome. The law of nature is that which she has taught all animals; a law not peculiar to the human race, but shared by all living creatures, whether denizens of the air, the dry land, or the sea. Hence comes the union of male and female, which we call marriage; hence the procreation and rearing of children, for this is a law by the knowledge of which we see even the lower animals are distinguished. The civil law of Rome, and the law of all nations, differ from each other thus.

Christianity in the Empire The Byzantine emperor was the highest ranking person in the church (but not a priest) The Byzantine emperor was the highest ranking person in the church (but not a priest) There was a rejection of the Pope’s role and rule. There was a rejection of the Pope’s role and rule. The clergy could marry The clergy could marry Easter is the MOST important holiday. Easter is the MOST important holiday. Greek was the language…not Latin. Greek was the language…not Latin. The great “schism” or split happened in 1054 The great “schism” or split happened in This split the Eastern Orthodox & Roman Catholic Church. -This split the Eastern Orthodox & Roman Catholic Church. Eastern Orthodox is the primary religion of Eastern Europeans…(Russians, Ukrainians…)

Impacts on the Region Laws Laws Strong trading economy Strong trading economy Learning Learning Fosters the growth of Russia (Kiev) Fosters the growth of Russia (Kiev)

Eastern Europe: Heir to the Byzantine Empire- What was the geography of Eastern Europe? What was the geography of Eastern Europe? Who are the people that make up this area? Who are the people that make up this area? Kievan Russia: What is that all about? Kievan Russia: What is that all about? What impact did the Mongols have on Russia? What impact did the Mongols have on Russia?

The Geography of Russia There are 3 ZONES: There are 3 ZONES: 1. NORTHERN FORESTS 1. NORTHERN FORESTS SOUTHERN FERTRILE LANDS (UKRAINE-THE BREAD BASKET OF RUSSIA) SOUTHERN FERTRILE LANDS (UKRAINE-THE BREAD BASKET OF RUSSIA) SOUTH- STEPPE SOUTH- STEPPE STEPPE- OPEN GRASSY TREELESS PASTURES THAT WERE GOOD FOR NOMADIC FARMERS. STEPPE- OPEN GRASSY TREELESS PASTURES THAT WERE GOOD FOR NOMADIC FARMERS. THE RIVER NETWORKS SERVED AS EXCELLENT TRANSPORTATION FOR PEOPLE AND GOODS… THE RIVER NETWORKS SERVED AS EXCELLENT TRANSPORTATION FOR PEOPLE AND GOODS… THE DNIEPER AND THE VOLGA WERER THE 2 MAIN RIVERS. THE DNIEPER AND THE VOLGA WERER THE 2 MAIN RIVERS.

Growth of Kiev Earliest peoples: The Slavs- clanlike people that lived in small villages. Earliest peoples: The Slavs- clanlike people that lived in small villages. The Varangians/Vikings- from Scandanavia The Varangians/Vikings- from Scandanavia Tremendous Byzantine influence- Religion, Language Tremendous Byzantine influence- Religion, Language Religion- Eastern Orthodox Religion- Eastern Orthodox Language- Cyrillic Language- Cyrillic Art- Domes Art- Domes

Mongol Conquest of Russia By 1200 the Golden Horde came through Russia and conquered all in their path. By 1200 the Golden Horde came through Russia and conquered all in their path. Ghenghis Kahn… Ghenghis Kahn… During his conquest he allowed for locals to practice their religion and language for HEAVEY TRIBUTES/TAXES During his conquest he allowed for locals to practice their religion and language for HEAVEY TRIBUTES/TAXES There was absolute control of the Russians…this RETARDED their growth! There was absolute control of the Russians…this RETARDED their growth!

By 1050 Wars with the Khans & internal problems The Mongols (Golden Horde) interact w/ Russia The Mongols (Golden Horde) interact w/ Russia The Mongols allow Russia to keep her religion for heavy taxes or tributes The Mongols allow Russia to keep her religion for heavy taxes or tributes The system of feudalism is established The system of feudalism is established By The “Dark Ages of Russia” By The “Dark Ages of Russia” Look at the dates what is going on in Western Europe? Look at the dates what is going on in Western Europe?

The Emergence of the Ivans Ivan I: 1328 Prince of Moscovy (appointed grand prince by the Khan) Ivan I: 1328 Prince of Moscovy (appointed grand prince by the Khan) Ivan the Moneybags (he collect the $ from the peasants that was given to the Kahn) Ivan the Moneybags (he collect the $ from the peasants that was given to the Kahn) Ivan II & III see the weakening of the Kahn in Russia Ivan II & III see the weakening of the Kahn in Russia Ivan III unified most of the territories against the Kahn/Mongols Ivan III unified most of the territories against the Kahn/Mongols He refuses to pay tributes He refuses to pay tributes He is known as Ivan the Great He is known as Ivan the Great The term TSAR or CZAR is used for Caesar The term TSAR or CZAR is used for Caesar Ivan IV “The Terrible” Ivan IV “The Terrible” He gave power to the nobles and made life for the serfs worse. (this is at a time when serfdom in Western Europe was coming to an end) pp He gave power to the nobles and made life for the serfs worse. (this is at a time when serfdom in Western Europe was coming to an end) pp