English ADJECTIVES

Contents *Introduction *Different forms of Adjectives *Examples *Activity *Exercises

What are Adjectives? Adjectives are used to qualify nouns. e.g. John is a lazy boy. This is a big house. Hong Kong is a busy city.

Can you describe yourselves or your friends with adjectives? good bad tall short unfriendly ugly clever lonely happy unhappy fat thin friendly helpful lovely hardworking lazy polite naughty interesting boring handsome careful careless beautiful useless shy

beautiful helpful careful helpless careless friendly lovely lonely interesting boring hardworking crying running unfriendly unhappy good, bad, tall, short, fat, thin, lazy, shy, ugly, polite, clever, handsome, happy Can you classify the adjectives used?

Adjectives in Past Participle Form Type 1: Regular Past Participle verb form Type 2: Irregular Past Participle verb form = Showing or feeling of= Make or cause to be

Regular: surprise…. surprised interest…...interested excite……..excited frighten…..frightened crowd…….crowded tire……….tired injure…….injured boil……….boiled bore……….bored cook………cooked *worry………worried Irregular: break………broken fall…………fallen write………written steal……….stolen give……….given see…………seen drive………driven speak……...spoken forget……..forgotten *sell…………sold *lose…………lost Examples: Adjectives in Past Participle Form

A crowded flower marketA broken vase

Adjectives in Present Participle Form Verb + ‘ing’ form = 1. Causing the feeling of 2.Showing a continuous status

Examples: Adjectives in Present Participle Form Regular: interest……interesting fall…….…..falling fly……..…..flying boil…..…….boiling relax……….relaxing worry……...worrying satisfy...…….satisfying cry…...……..crying burn………...burning disappoint….disappointing Irregular: surprise………surprising excite…………exciting tire……………tiring run……………running work hard……hardworking die…………….dying

A crying boy A shopping centre

A hardworking farmer A swimming lesson

Fallen leaves Falling leaves What is the difference between these two adjectives?

Boiling water Boiled water What is the difference between these two adjectives?

Adjectives formed by adding suffixes to nouns 1. Noun + ‘ful’ = full of something / having the quality of something 3.Noun + ‘able’ or ‘ible’ = able to do something/ showing qualities of something 2. Noun + ‘less’ = without something 4. Noun + ‘y’ = full of something

Examples: Noun + ‘ful’ / ‘less’ Noun + ‘ful’: care…….…careful help…….…helpful hope….…...hopeful power…..…powerful colour….…colourful use……..….useful cheer……...cheerful fear……..…fearful meaning……meaningful success…….successful beauty……..beautiful Noun + ‘less’ care………careless help………helpless hope……..hopeless power…….powerless colour……colourless use……….useless cheer…….cheerless fear………fearless meaning….meaningless doubt…….doubtless

Beautiful flowers Colourful fruits

A careful girlA careless boy Compare these two adjectives. careless = ? careless = not careful / without care

Helpful childrenA helpless beggar Compare these two adjectives. helpless = ? helpless = needing others’ help / without help

a meaningless sentence A meaningful sentence

A successful man A successless man ? NO! An unsuccessful man

Examples: noun + ‘able’ / ‘ible’ enjoy…….…enjoyable comfort……comfortable reason……...reasonable agree……….agreeable move……….movable value….……valuable believe…..….believable forget……....forgettable response……responsible sense………..sensible horror……..horrible

A comfortable home

Examples: noun + ‘y’ wind……….windy cloud………cloudy snow……….snowy rain………..rainy sun…………sunny noise……….noisy taste……….tasty salt…………salty cream……..creamy health………..healthy wealth……….wealthy luck………….lucky greed…………greedy sleep………….sleepy rock………….rocky sand………….sandy blood…………bloody speed…………speedy

Tasty food A dirty city A noisy place

A rainy dayA windy dayA sunny day

Adjectives formed by adding prefixes to adjectives 1.‘un’ + adjective 2.‘dis’ + adjective 3.‘in’ + adjective 4.‘im’ + adjective 5.‘ir’ + adjective 6.‘il’ + adjective 7.‘non’ + adjective = NOT + adjective (opposite in meaning)

Examples: ‘un’ + adjectives happy……..unhappy tidy……….untidy able……….unable kind………unkind lucky…….unlucky fair……….unfair likely…….unlikely locked……unlocked seen……….unseen equal……..unequal usual……….unusual healthy……..unhealthy helpful……..unhelpful comfortable…uncomfortable forgettable….unforgettable friendly……..unfriendly cooked………uncooked important…...unimportant reasonable…..unreasonable attractive…….unattractive

A tidy room An untidy room

A happy familyAn unhappy girl

They feel comfortable.They feel uncomfortable.

Healthy sports activitiesUnhealthy snacks

An easy word An uneasy word ? NO! A difficult word

Examples: ‘dis’ + adjectives honest…….……….dishonest able…….………….disabled obedient…………...disobedient satisfied……………dissatisfied orderly……………..disorderly continuous………….discontinuous advantageous………disadvantageous

Examples: ‘in’ + adjectives direct…….…indirect active…….…inactive correct……...incorrect Complete.…..incomplete famous……...infamous convenient….inconvenient considerate…inconsiderate dependent…..independent

A question in direct speech A question in indirect speech

A correct sentence An incorrect sentence

Examples: ‘im’ + adjectives Polite……..…….impolite Possible….…..…impossible Perfect……..…..imperfect Patient……..…..impatient Balanced……....imbalanced Mature……..….immature Measurable…....immeasurable

A possible wish An impossible wish

Examples: ‘ir’ + adjectives regular………….…..irregular responsible………….irresponsible relevant……………..irrelevant removable…………..irremovable replaceable…….……irreplaceable

Regular MTR service Irregular mini-bus service

Examples: ‘il’ + adjectives legal………..…illegal logical………..illogical literate……….illiterate

A logical sentence An illogical sentence

Examples: ‘non’ + adjectives stop…………….non-stop violent…………non-violent smoking……….non-smoking verbal…………non-verbal

Adjectives formed by adding the suffix ‘ly’ to nouns / adjectives Noun + ‘ly’ or Adjective + ‘ly’ = having the quality of

Examples: Adjectives formed by adding ‘ly’ to nouns / adjectives *Noun + ‘ly’ love…………lovely friend……….friendly order……….orderly *Adjective + ‘ly’ live………..lively like………..likely lone……….lonely

Lovely monkeys The friendly Santa Claus

On a windy day, a horrible fire broke out in a locked building. The responsible firemen came at once and found a helpless and frightened girl who was shouting from a broken window. With the help of some useful tools, the firemen saved the crying girl. They had done a wonderful job. It was impossible for the girl to forget this unforgettable experience. Activity: Describe this picture with adjectives

Story-writing Exercise 1 Our English teacher gives us dictations every week. Sometimes, the teacher asks us to study for the dictations beforehand, but sometimes we do not have to. That means some are ___________ dictations and some are ______________ dictations. However, my classmates are bad students. Some of them tell lies. They are ____________________. Some of them do not obey the teachers. They are _____________. Some of them always sleep in class. It seems that they always feel _____________________. Some of them always throw rubbish. So, the classroom is very _______________. Some of them shout loudly in class. They are very __________. In this examination, most of them get poor results. Their teachers and parents feel ________________________ at their performance.

Story-writing Exercise 2 Once, there was an old man. He was very rich, but he wanted more and more money. He was really ___________________. He had a son, but he always beated him up. He was ___________ to his son. It rained heavily one day. The old man travelled with his son in a car on this _________________ day. When the old man was driving, he did not look at the traffic lights which had turned red and so the car crashed in a lorry. He was very ___________________. His son fell into a river. He could not swim and he felt ___________________ because he needed help. Luckily, a man who always helped others saved him. He was a ______________________ man. The son was really _______________ because he did not die.

However, the old man was trapped in the car. He was going to die. The son had no hope that his father would live. He felt _________________. At this time, the man came to help again. He used some tools to open the door of the cars. The tools were very __________________. At last, the kind man saved the old man who was taken to hospital.