The Advantage of Geospatial Information in Disaster Management DR. Sutopo Purwo Nugroho Head of Data, Information, and Public Relations National Agency for Disaster Management (BNPB) Asia Geospatial Forum Jakarta, 17-19 October 2011

Phase of Disaster Management

Advantage of Geospatial Information in Disaster Management Phase Planning and Mitigation As potential emergency situations are identified, mitigation needs can be determined and prioritized, In the case of an earthquake, what developments are within the primary impact zone of earthquake faults? Based on the expected magnitude of an earthquake, soils, and other geologic data, what damage may occur Indonesia Earthquake Hazard Zone, 2011 Using Geospatial Information, officials can pinpoint hazards and begin to evaluate the risk and consequences of potential emergencies or disasters Values at risk can be displayed quickly and efficiently through a GIS. Utilizing existing databases linked to geographic features in GIS makes this possible Indonesia Disaster Prone Area Index, 2011

Advantage of Geospatial Information in Disaster Management Phase Preparedness Distribution of Search and Rescue Equipment in Indonesia, 2011 Geospatial BNPB’s Indonesia Disaster Watch Preparedness includes those activities that prepare for actual emergencies. GIS can provide answers to questions such as How many paramedic, logistics units are required, and where should they be located? GIS can display "real-time" monitoring for emergency early warning, Earth movements (earthquake), reservoir level at dam sights, radiation monitors, and so forth, can all be monitored and displayed by location in GIS

Advantage of Geospatial Information in Disaster Management Phase Response Geo Information can assist immediately by helping decision makers understand the scope of the damage and identify locations where people may be trapped or injured or require medical support and rescue. Analyzing critical infrastructure (facilities essential for the operation and sustainability of health services, food services, and government operations) that is or could be damaged or destroyed is essential to restoring vital services and government operations. Merapi Volcano Eruption Affected Area, 2010 Decision makers can assign response resources to the highest life safety and facility repair priorities. Another critical mission that geospatial technology supports is emergency supply chain management Number of Casualties, Wes Sumatera Earthquake 2009

Advantage of Geospatial Information in Disaster Management Phase Recovery A GIS can work in concert with GPS to locate each damaged facility, identify the type and amount of damage, and begin to establish priorities for action (triage). A GIS can display areas where services have been restored in order to quickly reallocate recovery work to priority tasks. Building/Housing Damaged Identification, Java Earthquake 2006 Long-term plans and progress can be displayed and tracked utilizing a GIS. Prioritization for major restoration investments can be made with the assistance of GIS Number of T-shelter required, planned, and constructed, Java Earthquake 2006

Geospatial Data Structure in BNPB Geospatial Information in National Agency For Disaster Management (BNPB) Geospatial Data Structure in BNPB Basemap (25K, 50K, 250K) Administrative Boundary (Bakosurtanal, BPS 2009) Road (Bakosurtanal, OSM, Tele Atlas, Navigasi.net), River (Bakosurtanal), Contour Line and Height Point (Bakosurtanal), Landuse and Settlement area (Bakosurtanal, OSM, Navigasi.net ) Thematics Hazard and Risk Map Daily of Disaster events in Indonesia Statistical Maps of Disaster Vektor SPATIAL DATABASE ENGINE Digital Elevation Model (DEM) SRTM 90 m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) ASTER 30 m IKONOS Quick Bird Landsat SPOT Raster

Geospatial Information in National Agency For Disaster Management (BNPB) BNPB’s Geospatial Information Website (Http ://geospasial.bnpb.go.id)

Http://geospasial.bnpb.go.id Maps Gallery Download over 1000 maps related with disaster in Indonesia in pdf format Daily update maps, publish regularly

Http://geospasial.bnpb.go.id Topography Maps Scale 1 : 250K Available to Download Download the topography maps Scale 1 : 250K based on the index maps. 257 maps coverage for the whole Indonesia

Http://geospasial.bnpb.go.id Indonesia Disaster Watch Indonesia Disaster events real time and daily updated

Http://geospasial.bnpb.go.id Preparedness and Disaster Risk Reduction Web GIS Layer available : Basemap (Village Level), Topography Hazard Maps, Risk Maps Feature Function : Identify Object, Find a location, Searching, Dynamic Legend, Draw and Measure, Print Out Maps

Http://geospasial.bnpb.go.id Web GIS for Emergency Response Activated in Emergency Response Phase Layer will available: Hazard zone, affected area, IDP’s location, etc.

Geospatial Online Data Layer with WMS, WFS Capability Http://geospasial.bnpb.go.id Geospatial Information Map Services Geospatial Online Data Layer with WMS, WFS Capability

Http://geospasial.bnpb.go.id BNPB Geospatial Information Via Mobile Download application for Android: http://geospasial.bnpb.go.id/apps

Modelling Natural Disaster Scenarios BNPB is developing its capacity to simply but realistically model natural disaster scenarios These scenarios are then underpinning both response and preparedness planning Based on best available science, data and engineering

Simple Impact Scenarios Impact Function Hazard Exposure Our approach is the same for both rapid response and preparedness and contingency planning At its simplest, we have a recipe with three ingredients: A spatial layer of hazard A spatial layer of exposure (this could be people, buildings, infrastructure, dll) Finally, we combine these using impact functions that are based on a combination of historical data, engineering and Indonesia’s best research) So let me provide an example of this approach in a response context – specifically for earthquakes 17

Simple Impact Scenarios Earthquake Example Hazard - ShakeMap Exposure - Population Fatalities 0% 100% MMI Fatality Function Immediately following an earthquake, BMKG generates an estimate of the ground shaking – called a ShakeMap – which is immediately provided to BNPB BNPB has access to national population data from the Indonesian Statistics Agency Risk in a Box allows us to then rapidly combine these layers through a fatality function which tells us: how many people are expected to die given a specific level of ground shaking

And here is the final result – a rapid estimate of the impact of last week’s earthquake off Bali. This was created within an hour of the earthquake and available from BNPB’s website. It provides us with an estimate of how many people are in different intensities of ground shaking and this in turn informs us of the likely scale and severity of the earthquake. You can see from this earthquake that there are not expected to be people in shaking of intensity 5 or greater and hence we do not expect a lot of fatalities or severe damage. Importantly, it is still a prototype and we are ironing our some technical issues, however it provides us a rich source of information within minutes of an event that we can use to inform our response. Also, this product may look familiar as it has been based on the work of the United States Geological Survey, however it has some significant advances in that the underpinning science and data is from Indonesia. It also represents the powerful linking of two Indonesian Government Agencies – BNPB and BMKG - in order to provide a better disaster response and to save lives

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